Mere politike zapošljavanja za unapređenje ekonomskih mogućnosti žena u Srbiji
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Apstrakt
Cilj rada je analiza učinka žena na tržištu rada u Srbiji. Tema istraživanja dobija na značaju, jer se Srbija nalazi u zreloj fazi sprovođenja svog strateškog okvira u oblasti politika zapošljavanja. U ovom radu primenjuje se metodološki pristup koji se fokusira na analizu uticaja mera politike tržišta rada usvojenih radi poboljšanja ekonomskog položaja žena. Planovi sprovođenja politike zapošljavanja sadrže pokazatelje za merenje ostvarivanja strateških ciljeva u svakoj fazi strateškog perioda i čine osnovu za praćenje ostvarivanja rodne ravnopravnosti. Važno je videti kako žene ostvaruju svoja prava na tržištu rada u poređenju sa muškarcima, ali je diverzifikacija po različitim individualnim karakteristikama takođe važna zbog direktnog uticaja na rezultate koje žene ostvaruju na tržištu rada. Statistika tržišta rada analizira se paralelno sa relevantnim dokumentima za realizaciju politike u oblasti zapošljavanja, prethodnim studijama i nalazima istraživanja koji pokazuju kako žene napreduju na skali merljivih pokazatelja rodne ravnopravnosti i spremne su da iskoriste ekonomske mogućnosti suočene sa demografskim izazovima. Rezultati analize pokazuju da, iako žene i dalje zaostaju za muškarcima, njihovo učešće u radnoj snazi i zaposlenosti beleži relativno i apsolutno poboljšanje. Razlike u osnovnim pokazateljima tržišta rada u kategoriji stanovništva sa visokom stručnom spremom brže se smanjuju od 2023. godine. Platni jaz i dalje postoji i polako se menja, uprkos propisima i naporima da se pomogne ženama na tržištu rada kroz aktivne mere. S obzirom na povoljniju obrazovnu strukturu mladih žena, očekivano je da češće učestvuju u merama za sticanje praktičnih veština i programima za pripravnike sa višim obrazovnim kvalifikacijama. U posebno kreiranom programu zapošljavanja mladih „Moja prva plata“, mlade žene su zastupljene iznad proseka. Ova mera usmerena je na poboljšanje položaja mladih na tržištu rada i olakšavanje njihovog prelaska na prvo zaposlenje, ali i na unapređenje statistike na osnovu koje se prati sprovođenje mera aktivne politike na tržištu rada za mlade. Pilot faza programa „Garancija za mlade“, koja je počela 2024. godine, takođe ima za cilj poboljšanje stanja, ali ranjivih grupa mladih. Zapošljavanje osoba sa invaliditetom putem mere subvencionisanja plata za osobe bez radnog iskustva ostvaruje se uz podjedano učešće žena i muškaraca. U radu se ključni nalazi za Srbiju upoređuju sa nalazima drugih relevantnih istraživanja kako bi se izveli zaključci zasnovani na uporednoj analizi potkrepljenoj preporukama.
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Detalji članka
Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
Reference
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