Promene u broju i osnovnim karakteristikama obudovelih u Srbiji (1980-2016)
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Povećanje udela obudovelih uobičajeni je pratilac odmaklog starenja stanovništva. Srbija se sa stopom obudovelosti od 11,7% 2011. godine nalazi pri samom evropskom vrhu, a stopa obudovelosti muškaraca (5,2%) najveća je u Evropi. U radu se istražuje obudovelost u Srbiji u periodu 1980-2016. Osnovni cilj rada je deskripcija trendova i karakteristika udovištva u posmatranom razdoblju. Rad je prvenstveno zasnovan na analizi do sada neobjavljenih podataka popisa stanovništva (između 1981. i 2011) i vitalne statistike (1980-2016). U posmatranom periodu je utvrđeno kontinuirano povećanje broja udovaca i udovica i njihovog udela u ukupnom stanovništvu. Uočene su specifičnosti u starosnoj i polnoj strukturi obudovelih. Više od 4/5 obudovelih je starije od 60 godina, a vrednosti svih pokazatelja obudovelosti su tri ili četiri puta veće kod žena. Sagledan je i nupcijalitet obudovelih u smislu sve ređeg sklapanja ponovnog braka i smanjenja rodnih razlika. Analizirana je obrazovna struktura obudovelih, koja se odlikuje većim učešćem lica nižeg obrazovnog nivoa. Utvrđeno je da obudoveli čine polovinu ukupnog broja članova samačkih domaćinstava. Među njima je više od 4/5 staro 65 ili više godina, a čak polovina je starija od 75 godina. Dobijeni rezultati upućuju na potrebu daljih proučavanja, kako demografskih, tako i iz drugih relevantnih oblasti. Takođe, oni mogu da predstavljaju polaznu osnovu za definisanje mera i aktivnosti zdravstvenih, socijalnih i drugih institucija sistema usmerenih na stare, s fokusiranjem pažnje na obudovela lica, a posebno na udovce, kao izrazito vulnerabilne grupe.
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Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
Reference
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