Novčana davanja za decu i porodice sa decom u Srbiji. Karakteristike programa i opcije za unapređenje
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Novčana davanja čine važan deo socijalne zaštite i socijalne sigurnosti za najugroženije porodice sa decom i za decu u Srbiji. Kroz novčana davanja koja su usmerena na siromašnu decu, novčanu socijalnu pomoć i dečiji dodatak, zaštićeno je približno 400 hiljada dece (31,7% ukupnog broja dece 2011. godine). Dodatno, približno 60 hiljada porodica prima roditeljski dodatak, a 36,7 hiljada korisnika ostvaruje naknadu zarade tokom odsustva povodom rođenja deteta. Ova davanja se dodeljuju sa ciljem usklađivanja rada i roditeljstva i radi podrške ra đanju. Rashodi za novčana davanja za decu i porodice sa decom 2012. godine iznosili su približno 46 milijardi dinara (1,4% BDP-a). Najveći udeo izdataka je za naknade zarada za vreme odsustva povodom rođenja deteta, a nešto preko trećine ukupnih rashoda (36,6%) je usmereno na siromašne i dodeljuje se uz proveru materijalnog stanja. Obuhvat, targetiranost i adekvatnost pre svega su neodgo-varajući za davanja koja su usmerena na siromašne. I u programima naknada zarada i roditeljskog dodatka moguće je ukazati na pojedine karakteristike koje upućuju na neefikasnost. Sugestije za unapre đenje novčanih davanja za decu i porodice sa decom proizilaze iz detaljne analize karakteristika pojedinih programa i poređenja sa odgo-varajućim programima u EU.
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Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
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