Rod i njegov uticaj na radno angažovanje i istraživačku produktivnost univerzitetskih nastavnika u Srbiji
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Apstrakt
U radu se ispituje uticaj roda na radno angažovanje i istraživačku produktivnost univerzitetskih nastavnika u Srbiji, uz analizu potencijalne medijatorske uloge radnog angažovanja u odnosu između roda i naučne produktivnosti. Istraživanje je utemeljeno na savremenim teorijskim pristupima i brojnim međunarodnim studijama koje ukazuju na postojanje rodnih nejednakosti u okviru akademskih karijera, a sprovedeno je na uzorku od 263 univerzitetska nastavnika sa četiri najveća državna univerziteta u Srbiji. Podaci su prikupljeni putem strukturisanog upitnika i analizirani su korišćenjem statističkog softvera SPSS (verzija 23). Radno angažovanje je mereno uz pomoć validirane skale UWES-9 (Utrecht Work Engagement Scale), dok je istraživačka produktivnost operacionalizovana brojem naučnih radova objavljenih u časopisima indeksiranim u relevantnim bazama. Za obradu podataka korišćeni su: deskriptivna statistika, t-testovi, korelaciona analiza i analiza medijacije putem PROCESS makro modela 4. Rezultati pokazuju da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike između muškaraca i žena ni u pogledu radnog angažovanja, ni u pogledu istraživačke produktivnosti. Muški univerzitetski nastavnici nemaju ni viši nivo radnog angažovanja, niti višu istraživačku produktivnost u poređenju sa svojim koleginicama. Međutim, utvrđena je pozitivna i statistički značajna, ali slaba korelacija, koja ukazuje da su angažovaniji univerzitetski nastavnici ujedno i produktivniji u naučnom smislu. Takođe, radno angažovanje jeste značajan prediktor produktivnosti, ali ne i medijator za uticaj roda na istraživačku produktivnost. Dobijene nalaze tumačimo u kontekstu višedecenijskog intenzivnog uključivanja žena u visoko obrazovanje, relativno razvijenog normativnog okvira koji promoviše jednakost, ali i izabranog metodološkog okvira. Ipak, odsustvo statistički značajnih razlika ne znači da su rodne nejednakosti u visokom obrazovanju u Srbiji iskorenjene. Potrebna su istraživanja koja bi uključila mlađe akademske kadrove, privatne visokoškolske ustanove i kvalitativne metode da bi se bolje razumeli svakodnevni izazovi zaposlenih u akademskoj zajednici. Dobijeni rezultati mogu poslužiti kao osnova za kreiranje institucionalnih i javnih politika u funkciji rodne ravnopravnosti u visokom obrazovanju u Srbiji, ali i jačanju akademskih kapaciteta univerziteta. Institucionalne mere mogu uključiti transparentne procedure zapošljavanja i napredovanja, redovno praćenje rodne zastupljenosti i ravnopravnosti na svim nivoima, inicijative za balans između privatnog i poslovnog života, kao i podsticanje radnog angažovanja i unapređenje istraživačke produktivnosti, kroz nagrađivanje, podršku profesionalnom i istraživačkom razvoju, pristup istraživačkim grantovima i međunarodnim mrežama. Javne politike mogu biti usmerene na unapređenje nacionalnih pravnih okvira za rodnu ravnopravnost, podsticanje ravnomerne zastupljenosti u istraživačkim projektima i akademskim komisijama, kao i podršku istraživanjima o suptilnijim oblicima nejednakosti koje nisu obuhvaćene kvantitativnim indikatorima. Ove proaktivne politike mogu doprineti očuvanju jednakih šansi i uslova za sve akademske radnike.
Preuzimanja
Detalji članka
Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
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