Raskršće aspiracija: istraživanje migracionih namera studenata u Severnoj Makedoniji
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Veza između migracija i ostvarivanja ciljeva održivog razvoja je složena i odvija se kroz različite mehanizme, uključujući ekonomsko osnaživanje, društvenu koheziju i ekološku održivost. S obzirom na to da je Severna Makedonija mala i otvorena ekonomija sa dugom istorijom emigracija, a da mladi čine otprilike trećinu svih emigranata, neophodno je istražiti faktore koji utiču na odluku mladih da napuste zemlju.
U radu su analizirane migracione namere studenata u Severnoj Makedoniji. Sprovedeno je anketno istraživanje koje je obuhvatilo 50 pitanja i 412 studenata Univerziteta Sv. Ćirila i Metodija u Skoplju. Ova obrazovna institucija predstavlja najveći i najistaknutiji univerzitet u zemlji. Rezultati ankete su pokazali da oko dve trećine ispitanika (67%) namerava da emigrira. Kako bi se identifikovale determinante migracionih namera, primenjeni su modeli logističke regresije, pri čemu su migracione namere bile zavisna varijabla. Korišćene su sociodemografske varijable (starost, pol, mesto stanovanja, broj bliskih osoba koje žive u inostranstvu i prethodni boravak u inostranstvu), obrazovne varijable (smer studija, trenutni prosečni uspeh, nivo obrazovanja roditelja), ekonomski status (radni status pored studija, prosečna mesečna primanja, percepcija adekvatnosti prihoda) i dodatnih sedam faktora identifikovanih eksploratornom faktorskom analizom kao nezavisne varijable.
Rezultati su pokazali da prethodno identifikovani faktori, poput stanovanja, životne sredine i javnih usluga, društvenih aktivnosti i angažovanja u zajednici, razvijenosti društva, poboljšanih obrazovnih i karijernih mogućnosti, javnih usluga i ekonomskog i društvenog napretka, imaju statistički značajan uticaj na migracione namere makedonskih studenata. Pored toga, nivo obrazovanja roditelja, trenutni akademski uspeh i radni status takođe značajno utiču na ove namere. Studenti sa obrazovanijim roditeljima, boljim akademskim uspehom i oni koji rade imaju veće šanse da emigriraju u poređenju sa studentima čiji roditelji imaju niži nivo obrazovanja, koji postižu slabiji akademski uspeh i ne rade tokom studija. Ostale sociodemografske karakteristike, obrazovanje i ekonomski status nisu se pokazali statistički značajnim. Rad se završava preporukama za politike usmerene na ublažavanje negativnih efekata migracija i promovisanje održivog razvoja zemlje.
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Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
Reference
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