Stavovi o zaštiti životne sredine među studentima univerziteta u Srbiji
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Problem klimatskih promena utiče na svaki aspekt društva, uključujući i sve izraženiji problem klimatskih migracija, s obzirom na to da su samo u 2021. godini prirodne katastrofe raselile 23,7 miliona ljudi širom sveta. S obzirom na to da se očekuje da će se ovaj trend nastaviti, neophodna je promena paradigme u individualnom ponašanju prema životnoj sredini, posebno u pogledu ekoloških stavova. U tom domenu, na osnovu sociodemografskih, ekonomskih i ekoloških promenljivih, ovaj rad ima za cilj da istraži stavove univerzitetskih studenata u Srbiji u pogledu problema i rizika kada je u pitanju životna sredina, pre svega analizirajući da li su studenti svesni postojanja određenih ekoloških problema, da li mogu da prepoznaju buduće tokove kretanja tih problema i da li razumeju kako ovi problemi mogu uticati na njihove živote, uključujući potencijalne demografske promene kao što su migracije.
Kao budući lideri, donosioci odluka i edukatori u oblasti životne sredine, studenti predstavljaju vrlo važnu grupu zainteresovanih strana koji će biti lideri procesa primene i razvoja održivog razvoja. U ovom radu, istraživanje je sprovedeno na ukupnom uzorku od 165 studenata, sa većim učešćem studentkinja (67,9%) u odnosu na studente (32,1%). Većina ispitanika imala je između 19 i 24 godine, pretežno studirajući na državnim univerzitetima. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da studenti univerziteta imaju neadekvatne reciklažne navike (65%) i ograničen broj zelenih površina (73%) u svojim gradovima. Oni smatraju da su ekološki rizici značajni, što bi moglo dovesti do migracija (66%) i depopulacije urbanih područja (47%). Zalažu se za povećanje kampanja za podizanje svesti (66,7%) i veću upotrebu obnovljivih izvora energije (64,2%), kao i za strožije kazne za kršenje ekoloških propisa (61,8%). Analiza je pokazala značajnu povezanost između samoprocene ekološke svesti i stvarnog ekološkog ponašanja, pri čemu su studenti koji prijavljuju viši nivo svesti verovatnije angažovani u ekološki prihvatljivim akcijama. Pol i reciklažne navike u porodici bili su značajni prediktori ekološkog ponašanja, pri čemu su žene i studenti iz porodica koje praktikuju reciklažu skloniji ispoljavanju proekološkog ponašanja. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na to da su studenti univerziteta obuhvaćeni istraživanjem razvili ekološke navike i svest. Podrška mladima je ključna za rešavanje ekoloških problema i podsticanje održivog ponašanja. Pored obrazovnih napora u Srbiji, ovo zahteva sveobuhvatne inicijative vlade i civilnog društva.
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Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
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