O ekonomskoj održivosti ruskih domaćinstava na društveno prihvatljivom nivou
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Naučna pitanja ekonomskog položaja domaćinstava postaju sve relevantnija u kontekstu savremenih globalnih izazova i socioekonomske nejednakosti. Ova studija posvećena je problemima ekonomske održivosti domaćinstava. Podaci korišćeni u radu obuhvataju makroekonomske podatke iz statistike Ruske Federacije, rezultate ankete o radnoj snazi koju su sproveli statistički organi, kao i podatke iz istraživanja Longitudinalnog praćenja Rusije (The Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey - Higher School of Economics – RLMS-HSE). Članak pruža teorijsku i metodološku osnovu za određivanje ekonomske održivosti domaćinstava i definiše osnovne pojmove. Prema autorima, osnov ekonomske održivosti domaćinstava je samodovoljnost, koja im omogućava da održe socijalno prihvatljiv nivo trenutne potrošnje koristeći sopstvene resurse i da formiraju štednju, uzimajući u obzir ograničene resurse i socijalne rizike. Granični kriterijum za određivanje ekonomske održivosti domaćinstava je društveno prihvatljiv potrošački budžet, koji uzima u obzir specifičnosti potrošnje glavnih sociodemografskih grupa stanovništva (stanovništvo u radnoj dobi, penzioneri, deca) i transformisan u ekvivalent uključivanjem ušteda u potrošnji usled zajedničkog stanovanja. Ekonomski održiva domaćinstva su ona koja su sposobna, zahvaljujući prihodima od rada i drugih izvora, da zadovolje svoje potrebe barem na nivou ekvivalentnog društveno prihvatljivog potrošačkog budžeta. Domaćinstva sa nivoom prihoda ispod definisanog praga su ekonomski neodrživa. Intenzitet neodrživosti određen je veličinom deficita prihoda. Rad identifikuje diferencijalne karakteristike graničnih vrednosti domaćinstava različitih tipova i demografskih profila, koje zajedno čine sistem graničnih vrednosti. U članku se, na primerima, prikazuju granične vrednosti za domaćinstva sa različitim karakteristikama, određuje se uticaj opterećenja zavisnih članova i pokazuje kako to utiče na deficit prihoda u uslovima ekonomske neodrživosti. Pored toga, analizirane su karakteristike zaposlenosti za osobe koje žive u ekonomski održivim i neodrživim domaćinstvima sa decom, prema njihovim tipovima i sastavu. Rezultati istraživanja pružaju sveobuhvatniju sliku ekonomskog položaja ruskih domaćinstava. Usmereni su ka unapređenju efikasnosti državne socijalne politike u obezbeđivanju pozitivnih trendova u mogućnostima i ograničenjima koja utiču na ekonomsku održivost domaćinstava.
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Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
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