Uticaj demografskih karakteristika na efektivnost programa obuka u javnoj upravi
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Apstrakt
Programi obuka u javnoj upravi su od suštinskog značaja za efikasno i efektivno upravljanje, nesmetano prilagođavanje promenama i podsticanje kontinuiranog profesionalnog razvoja. Oni poboljšavaju donošenje odluka, osiguravaju efikasnu implementaciju politika i jačaju etičke standarde i odgovornost. Pored toga, obuke podstiču inovativnost, povećavaju angažovanje lokalne zajednice, pripremaju državne službenike za krizne situacije i doprinose ostvarivanju ciljeva održivog razvoja.
U radu se ispituje uticaj demografskih karakteristika na efektivnost programa obuka u javnoj upravi u Republici Srbiji. Cilj rada je procena efektivnosti programa obuka u javnoj upravi i analiza uticaja faktora kao što su starost, pol, nivo obrazovanja, godine radnog iskustva i pozicija u organizaciji na rezultate obuka. Efektivnost je posmatrana kao mera u kojoj programi obuka doprinose postizanju planiranih ciljeva. U pitanju su različiti ishodi učenja, uključujući promene u znanju, sticanje veština, promene u stavovima i promene u ponašanju.
Istraživački uzorak čini 1.040 zaposlenih iz sektora javne uprave u Srbiji koji su učestvovali u najmanje jednom programu obuke u organizaciji Nacionalne akademije za javnu upravu u 2022. godini. Primarni podaci su prikupljeni anketnim istraživanjem sprovedenim u oktobru 2023. godine. Statistička analiza je obuhvatila deskriptivnu statistiku, procenu pouzdanosti i statističke testove za identifikaciju razlika između demografskih grupa. Prikupljeni podaci su obrađeni i analizirani korišćenjem Statističkog softvera za društvene nauke (SPSS).
Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da starost, pol i stepen obrazovanja nemaju uticaja na efektivnost programa obuka u javnoj upravi. S druge strane, postoje statistički značajne razlike u oceni efektivnosti između učesnika sa različitim nivoima profesionalnog iskustva i zvanja u javnoj upravi. Sveobuhvatnim istraživanjem interakcije između demografskih karakteristika i efektivnosti programa obuke, ovaj rad doprinosi unapređenju naučnog razmatranja rezultata učenja zaposlenih u javnoj upravi. Osim toga, empirijsko istraživanje nudi i praktične uvide relevantne za optimizaciju dizajna i sprovođenja programa obuka u javnoj upravi u Srbiji i šire. Najvažnije preporuke za kreatore politika odnose se na prilagođavanje programa obuke profesionalnom iskustvu zaposlenih, diferenciranje obuka za različite poslove u organizaciji, uključivanje zaposlenih sa značajnim radnim iskustvom u sprovođenje programa obuka i stvaranje inkluzivnog okruženja za obuke. Ovi nalazi imaju implikacije na poboljšanje rezultata profesionalnog razvoja i jačanje organizacionih kapaciteta koji su ključni za promovisanje održivog upravljanja i razvoja.
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Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
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