Empirijsko istraživanje uticaja “staklenog plafona” na jednakost polova i mogućnosti za razvoj karijere u sektoru hrane i pića
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Apstrakt
Jednake karijerne mogućnosti za oba pola, muškarce i žene, predstavljaju ključnu polugu za održivi razvoj. Jedan od fenomena koji negativno utiče na jednakost polova je efekat “staklenog plafona”. U kompanijama u kojima je prisutan ovaj fenomen, žene su suočene sa nevidljivom barijerom (staklenim plafonom) koja ih sprečava da napreduju na više menadžerske pozicije. Cilj ovog rada je da ispita i analizira da li se žene koje su zaposlene u sektoru hrane i pića u okviru ugostiteljske industrije suočavaju sa efektom staklenog plafona. Empirijsko istraživanje je sprovedeno primenom posebno koncipiranog upitnika koji je poslat restoranima (hotelskim restoranima, ekskluzivnim restoranima, klasičnim restoranima, restoranima specijalizovanim za određenu vrstu hrane, picerijama), kafeterijama, kafićima, bistroima i barovima u Srbiji, Crnoj Gori, Hrvatskoj, Bosni i Hercegovini. U periodu od oktobra 2023. do januara 2024. godine na upitnik je odgovorilo ukupno 1082 ispitanika. Prikupljeni odgovori su obrađeni primenom Microsoft® Excel® 2019 i statističkog softvera za društvene nauke – SPSS, verzija 21.0. Za testiranje postavljenih hipoteza primenjeni su neparametarski statistički testovi (Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test i Tukey HSD test). Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da od ukupnog broja ispitanika, mali procenat smatra da u njihovoj kompaniji postoji efekat staklenog plafona. Manje od petine ispitanika, tačnije 17,19% ispitanika smatra da žene u njihovoj kompaniji napreduju do određenog nivoa, ali ne dalje od toga, odnosno da nemaju pristup najvišim menadžerskim pozicijama. Isto tako, 16,17% ispitanika smatra da njihova kompanija ne pristupa ozbiljno eliminisanju barijera koje sprečavaju žene da iskoriste svoj pun potencijal. Oko 14% ispitanika smatra da su žene često isključene iz važnih informacija viših nivoa menadžmenta i da žene na menadžerskim pozicijama nemaju isti tretman kao muškarci. Dalje, oko 16% ispitanika smatra da muškarci ne samo da brže napreduju od žena, već lakše mogu da dobiju poslove na višem hijerarhijskom nivou u poređenju sa ženama iako imaju iste kompetencije. Rezultati statističkih testova su pokazali da se rezultati ispitanika o postojanju efekta staklenog plafona ne razlikuju u zavisnosti od njihovog pola, starosti, bračnog statusa, dece, obrazovanja, niti dužine radnog iskustva u objektu koji pripada sektoru hrane i pića.
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Detalji članka
Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
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