Povezivanje socijalne biografije i životnog toka: Dejstvenost i refleksivnost u obrazovno-radnoj tranziciji u biografijama mladih
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Apstrakt
Rad je zasnovan na mom longitudinalnom kvalitativnom istraživanju u kome se primenjuje pristup socijalne biografije u proučavanju i tumačenju biografskih perioda u životnom toku osobe od ranog detinjstva do kasne mladosti. U okviru najnovije debate o „vraćanju života” u pristup životnog toka kroz primenu kvalitativnih nalaza, rad se bavi načinima na koji istraživanja tranzicija u mladosti iz perspektive socijalne biografije mogu doprineti studijama životnog toka. U uvodnom teorijskom delu predstavljaju se ključni koncepti koji su relevantni za povezivanje dva pristupa: tranzicija u odraslost i obrazovno-radna tranzicija u okviru nje, dejstvenost i refleksivnost. Dejstvenost je u relevantnoj literaturi prepoznata kao značajan aspekt u obrazovno-radnoj tranziciji, dok su istraživanja koja se bave promišljanjem izbora, odluka i dejstvenosti u tranzicijama iz biografske perspektiva retka. Jedan od doprinosa ovog rada predstavlja pokušaj prevazilaženja te saznajne praznine. Potom se u uvodnom delu predstavlja specifičan kontekst tzv. „struktura mogućnosti” za obrazovno-radnu tranziciju u društvu Srbije, koji se određuje kao „hronična društvena kriza”. U sledećem delu predstavljen je metod longitudinalnog kvalitativnog istraživanja koje je sprovedeno od 1993. do 2014. godine, sa dvadesetoro dece/mladih osoba i njihovim porodicama. Opisani su načini inicijalnog izbora ispitanika, prikupljanja podataka – intervju fokusiran na rekonstrukciju sedmogodišnjih biografskih perioda sa temama koje se ponavljaju u svakom istraživačkom talasu, kao i analize podataka i interpretacije nalaza.
Deo rada posvećen analizi fokusira se na obrazovno-radne tranzicije u okviru biografija mlade žene i mladog muškarca koji su poreklom iz radničkih porodica. Analiza je pokazala da njihove obrazovno-radne tranzicije ne prate linearne putanje, već da su donošenje odluka i izbori u ovom domenu povezani sa prethodnom dejstvenošću i sa životima drugih značajnih osoba u različitim kontekstima njihovih biografija i fazama životnog toka.
U završnim delovima se diskutuje kompatibilnost pristupa socijalne biografije i principa studija životnog toka: naglasak na dejstvenosti, na kontekstualizaciji u istorijskom vremenu i prostoru, i na povezanost životnog toka sa životima značajnih drugih, što se sve pokazalo u prethodnoj analizi. Moje gledište je da uključivanje refleksivnosti u proučavanje životnog toka može doneti saznajni pomak kroz akterovu interpretaciju uticaja specifičnih „struktura mogućnosti” na njihovo obrazovanje i zaposlenje. Analiza dve biografije je takođe pokazala da su osećanja i (ne)zadovoljstvo koji su iskazani u promišljanjima istraživanih mladih odraslih imali uticaj na njihovu dejstvenost povezanu sa obrazovanjem i radom.
Uključivanje perspektive socijalne biografije pokazuje da su tranzicije procesi koji su kontekstualizovani u životnom toku. Donošenje odluka i pravljenje izbora su uklopljeni u složene biografske kontekste, koji nisu samo povezani sa strukturalnim mogućnostima i ograničenjima, već i sa životima drugih osoba. Procesi tranzicije su takođe biografizovani – akteri promišljanjem povezuju svoje odluke i izbore koji se tiču obrazovanja i zaposlenja sa doživljajem sebe, identitetom, aspiracijama i očekivanjima u vezi sa drugim tranzicijama, posebno porodičnom.
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Ovaj rad je pod Creative Commons Autorstvo-Nekomercijalno 4.0 Internacionalna licenca.
Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
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