Aktivno starenje i preduslovi za srebrno preduzetništvo u Srbiji
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U ovom radu se sagledavaju ekonomski i kulturološki preduslovi za razvoj takozvanog srebrnog preduzetništva u EU-28, s posebnim fokusom na Srbiju. Cilj rada je da ukaže na forme srebrnog preduzetništva koje je moguće razvijati u Srbiji. Analiza na osnovu podataka Globalnog izveštaja o preduzetništvu starijih 2016, pokazala je da se u zemljama visoke kupovne moći (EU-28) javlja „preduzetništvo na bazi prilika“, dok se u manje razvijenim, zemljama u tranziciji javlja „preduzetništvo iz nužde“.
Ekonomski preduslovi, kao i preduzetničke intencije u Srbiji analizirani su na bazi primarnih i sekundarnih podataka. Preduzetničke intencije populacije u Srbiji, pa tako i populacije starijih analizirane su korišćenjem proxi varijable indeksa izbegavanja neizvesnosti. Vrednost tog indeksa izračunata je na bazi uzorka od 221 preduzeća u Srbiji, prema formuli koju je Hofstede koristio u svom izvornom istraživanju. Istraživačka forma koju smo koristili je upitnik. Korišćena je petostepena Likertova skala merenja stavova koja operacionalizuje dimenziju socijetalne kulture: izbegavanje neizvesnosti. Vrednosti indeksa izbegavanja neizvesnosti tokom vremena opadaju (od 88 u 1993. do 60 u 2016. godini), što sugeriše rast preduzetničkih intencija populacije.
Posmatrajući ekonomske preduslove za srebrno preduzetništvo, vidi se da prosečna visina penzija u Srbiji nije dovoljna da pokrije troškove minimalne potrošačke korpe. Izuzetak su penzije vojnih penzionera koje pokrivaju visinu troškova minimalne potrošačke korpe, te oni mogu da predstavljaju grupu potencijalnih „srebrnih preduzetnika“. Struktura srebrnih preduzetnika po sektorima ukazuje na dominantnost sektora usluga (73%), veliku prisutnost muškaraca (82%) i monocentričan razvoj (34%), odnosno fokusiranost na Beogradski region.
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Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
Reference
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