Između integracije, bezbednosti i humanitarnosti: Stavovi građana Srbije prema migrantima
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Apstrakt
Tokom 2015. i 2016. godine, kroz Srbiju je na putu prema zemljama Zapadne Evrope prošlo gotovo milion ljudi poreklom sa Bliskog istoka i severa Afrike. Iako je na migrantskoj ruti Srbija do sada imala ulogu zemlje tranzita, prolazak velikog broja ljudi kao i duže zadržavanje jednog dela otvorio je čitav niz pitanja u pogledu mogućnosti prihvata i integracije ove populacije. U radu se ispituju karakteristike stavova građana Srbije prema migrantskoj populaciji sa namerom da se utvrdi koja se perspektiva – bezbednosna, humanitarna ili integrativna – izdvaja kao dominantna? Pod bezbednosnom perspektivom se podrazumeva shvatanje da migranti predstavljaju rizik po dobrobit domicilnog stanovništva. Humanitarna perspektiva se odnosi na uverenje da je migrantima potrebno obezbediti pomoć na putu ka zemljama odredišta. Treća, integrativna perspektiva podrazumeva načelan stav da je neophodno pružiti mogućnost za trajniju integraciju doseljenog stanovništva. Pored analize dimenzija na temelju kojih je moguće doneti zaključke o tome koja je od tri perspektive dominantna među stanovnicima Srbije, u radu se ispituje postojanje statistički značajnih varijacija u stepenu rasprostranjenosti pomenutih perspektiva s obzirom na sociodemografske i sociokulturološke činioce. Analiza se zasniva na podacima prikupljenim anketnim istraživanjem sprovedenim tokom proleća 2016. na reprezentativnom uzorku građana Srbije (bez Kosova i Metohije) (n = 998). Nalazi istraživanja pokazuju da je u populaciji najzastupljenija humanitarna perspektiva, što je u skladu sa tranzitnim karakterom migracija. Kao činilac koji ima najveći pojedinačni uticaj na formiranje stavova prema migrantima izdvojila se etnička distanca.
Preuzimanja
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Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
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