Razumevanje rodne dimenzije niskog fertiliteta: zaposlenost i rađanje u Evropi
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Razmatranje u ovom tekstu bazirano je na statističkim podacima i relevantnoj literaturi koji se tiču uticaja zaposlenosti na reproduktivno ponašanje u postindustrijskim društvima. Pored veze između niskog fertiliteta i zaposlenosti žena, rodna dimenzija podrazumeva i angažovanje očeva u podizanju male dece, kao i negativne implikacije zaposlenosti oba roditelja. U tekstu je dat pregled stopa rađanja i stopa zaposlenosti žena koje imaju malu decu u nekoliko evropskih država. Tokom druge decenije 21. veka uočene su određene osobenosti i u fertilitetu i u zaposlenosti žena prema uzrastu dece, kako u državama sa vrlo niskim fertilitetom, tako i u onima koje su do nedavno imale relativno visoke stope rađanja. U literaturi je istaknuta diferenciranost u pogledu uključenosti muškaraca u roditeljstvo, ne samo između država različitog nivoa fertiliteta, već i među državama koje imaju relativno visoke stope rađanja. Demografski efekat ovog pitanja potrebno je dublje ispitati, ali ono ne može da se zanemari ni sa stanovišta mogućeg pozitivnog uticaja na zaposlenost žena, niti kao pravo muškaraca da učestvuju u podizanju dece. Konflikt posao‒porodica, kao i neizvesnost koja se tiče posla i položaja zaposlenih, predstavljaju negativan okvir reproduktivnog ponašanja, a njihov uticaj je povezan sa socioprofesionalnim karakteristikama i uslovima na mikro nivou.
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Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
Reference
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