Seksualnost i seksualno zdravlje osoba sa invaliditetom – sa posebnim osvrtom na osobe sa oštećenjem vida
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Apstrakt
Seksualnost predstavlja osnovnu dimenziju ljudskog postojanja, ali i osetljivo područje ljudske intime. Može da bude povezana sa mnogim zdravstvenim problemima, posebno sa onim iz područja reproduktivnog i seksualnog zdravlja. Postoje grupe koje su posebno ranjive kada je u pitanju seksualnost i briga o reproduktivnom i seksualnom zdravlju. S obzirom na specifične uslove odrastanja i na zavisnost od pomoći i podrške drugih, zadovoljenje potrebe za partnerstvom i seksualnošću za mnoge osobe sa invaliditetom je nedostižno ili se odvija pod kontrolom profesionalaca ili članova porodice.
Cilj ovog rada je opisati fenomene seksualnosti i seksualnog zdravlja kod osoba sa oštećenjem vida i ukazati na postojeći međunarodni i nacionalni normativni okvir relevantnan za seksualno zdravlje osoba sa invaliditetom. Postojećim zakonima i strateškim aktima, osobama sa invaliditetom neosporno se priznaju pravo na seksualni život i pravo na brigu i očuvanje seksualnog zdravlja, ali isto tako činjenica je da postoje razna ograničenja u praksi: zdravstvena, komuniktivna, zatim nedostatak privatnosti, prihvatanje inhibiranja sopstvene seksualnosti ili prihvatanja sredinskih etiketiranja i normiranja. I pored postojećeg strateškog i zakonskog okvira, sistem podrške za očuvanje i unapređenje seksualnog zdravlja osoba sa invaliditetom nije u dovoljnoj meri razvijen, a nedostatak literature o ovoj temi ukazuje da nije prepoznat ni njen značaj među relevantnim akterima, uključujući i organizacije osoba sa invaliditetom. Realizacija postojećeg opšteg pravnog okvira zahteva političku volju koja bi se odrazila u donošenju konkretnih podzakonskih akata i njihovoj implementaciji, te aktiviranju subjekata relevantnih za ovu oblast.
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Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
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