Prostorni aspekti demografskih procesa u Srbiji
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Promene u strukturama stanovništva koje se prate popisom (kao što su npr. promene u broju stanovnika, polna, obrazovna, starosna i dr. struktura) su od ključnog značaja za razumevanje prostornih pojava i procesa poput urbanizacije. Polazeći od brojnih urbano-geografskih studija razvoja sistema naselja ostvarenih u nekadašnjoj Jugoslaviji, a nastavljenih potom u Srbiji, formiran je jedinstven teorijsko-metodološki okvir istraživanja prostornih pojava i procesa koje u fokusu imaju upravo razumevanje dinamičnih promena u strukturama stanovništva i njihovo teritorijalno manifestovanje. Ovakav pristup je, pored naučnoistraživačkog polja, našao direktnu primenu i u prostornom i urbanističkom planiranju pri definisanju mera usmeravanja demografskog razvoja, razmeštaja gradskih funkcija, formiranja sistema naselja, planiranja razvoja infrastrukture i dr. U novije vreme, ovaj teorijsko-metodološki okvir je unapređen primenom GIS tehnologije koja omogućuje integraciju prostornih i statističkih podataka i obezbeđuje moćan analitički alat. Integracija podataka podstakla je nova istraživanja korelacija demografskih i prostornih pojava, odnosno uzajamnih veza i uticaja prostornog i demografskog razvoja. U ovom radu se daje pregled dosadašnjih istraživanja međusobnog uticaja dinamike razvoja stanovništva i promena u prostoru vidljivih kroz promene u intenzitetu izgrađenosti naselja, gustini naseljenosti, infrastrukturnoj opremljenosti i dr. Korišćenjem odabranih statističkih podataka popisa, i dovođenjem njih u vezu sa pojavama u konkretnom geoprostoru, dat je model prostorne distribucije stanovništva. Naglašava se značaj primene ovog i sličnih modela u daljim istraživanjima uticaja stanovništva na životnu sredinu, usmeravanja ekonomskog razvoja, zaštite u vanrednim situacijama i brojnim drugim oblastima.
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Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka
Reference
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