The older population and the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Croatia
Main Article Content
Abstract
The probability of older people contracting COVID-19 is high, and the disease in this population is in a significant percentage of cases accompanied by severe symptoms that can be fatal. Unlike numerous European countries, Croatia introduced epidemiological measures during the first and second waves of the disease that were no more rigorous for the elderly living in their own homes than those for the general population. However, the urge to stay at home and maintain physical distancing has significantly altered the daily lives of all senior citizens. At the same time, very strict measures were introduced for older residents living in nursing homes during both waves. This paper aims to analyse the differences between the lifestyles of the elderly living in their own homes and those accommodated in nursing homes in the context of the epidemiological measures implemented, and to analyse the dominant narrative about the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic in Croatia. News stories focusing on the elderly exclusively in terms of care, (in)security, and illness(es) construct a position that further excludes, isolates, and intimidates them. In doing so, most attention is paid to problems within social and health institutions (nursing homes and hospitals), while the elderly living in their own homes are largely marginalised.
Downloads
Article Details
Published by the Institute of Social Sciences - Center for Demographic Research
References
AGE Platform Europe (2020). COVID-19 and human rights concerns for older persons, Updated version 18 may 2020. Retrieved from https://www.age-platform.eu/sites/default/files/Human_rights_concerns_on_implications_of_COVID-19_to_older_persons_Final_18May2020.pdf
Ahmed, S. (2004). The Cultural Politics of Emotion. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Antonucci, T. C., & Ajrouch, K. J. (2007). Social Resources. In H. Molenkopf & A. Walker (Eds.), Quality of Life in Old Age: International and Multi-Disciplinary Perspectives (pp. 49–64). Dordrecht: Springer.
Bertić, Ž., & Telebuh, M. (2020). Self-Assessment of Social and Family Loneliness in Elderly during COVID-19 Pandemic in Relation to Current Level and Type of Communication Intensity. Collegium Antropologicum, 44(4), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.5671/ca.44.4.3
Brewer, N. T., Chapman, G. B., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., McCaul, K. D., & Weinstein, N. D. (2007). Meta-analysis of the relationship between risk perception and health behaviour: The example of vaccination. Health Psychology, 26(2), 136–145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.26.2.136
Chee S. Y. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: The Lived Experiences of Older Adults in Aged Care Homes. Millennial Asia, 11(3), 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1177/0976399620958326
Clark, A., Jit, M., Warren-Gash, C., Guthrie, B., Wang, H. H. X., Mercer, S. W., … Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 working group (2020). Global, regional, and national estimates of the population at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions in 2020: a modelling study. Lancet Glob Health, 8(8), e1003–e1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30264-3
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (2019). Rapid Risk Assessment: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the EU/EEA and the UK– ninth update, 23 April 2020. Retrieved from https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/rapid-risk-assessment-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-pandemic-ninth-update
Eurostat (2020a). Struktura i starenje stanovništva. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Population_structure_and_ageing/hr
Eurostat (2020b). Ageing Europe – Looking at the Lives of Older People in the EU, 2020 edition. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3217494/11478057/KS-02-20-655-EN-N.pdf/9b09606c-d4e8-4c33-63d2-3b20d5c19c91?t=1604055531000
Eurostat (2020c). Distribution of population aged 65 and over by type of household - EU-SILC survey. Retrieved from https://data.europa.eu/data/datasets/e0pjxw80umr8ozp4bztsw?locale=en
Fraser, S., Lagacé, M., Bongué, B., Ndeye, N., Guyot, J., Bechard, L., … Tougas, F.(2020). Ageism and COVID-19: what does our society’s response say about us? Age and Ageing, 49(5), 692–695. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa097
Gardner, W., States, D., & Bagley, N. (2020). The Coronavirus and the Risks to the Elderly in Long-Term Care. Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 32(4-5), 310–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959420.2020.1750543
Godeč, Ž. (2020, May 6). 40 posto preminulih štićenici su domova za starije i nemoćne. Jutarnji list, p. 6-7.
Goreta, M. (2020, April 10). Priča ove starice razotkriva svu tugu Doma u Splitu; Njihove sustanare napala je korona, a oni su stari, nemoćni i prestrašeni, zatvoreni u sobama... Slobodna Dalmacija. Retrieved from https://slobodnadalmacija.hr/split/prica-ove-starice-razotkriva-svu-tugu-doma-u-splitu-nihove-sustanare-napala-je-korona-a-oni-su-stari-nemocni-i-prestraseni-zatvoreni-u-sobama-1015463
HZJZ (2021). Coronavirus Desease 2019 (COVID-19), Izvješće za prethodnih 7 dana i dnevno izvješće za RH na dan 29. ožujka 2021. Retrieved from https://www.koronavirus.hr/UserDocsImages/Dokumenti/Tjedno%20izvje%C5%A1%C4%87e%20za%2029.3..pdf?vel=756866
Jones, C. L., Jensen, J. D., Scherr, C. L., Brown, N. R., Christy, K., & Weaver, J. (2015). The Health Belief Model as an explanatory framework in communication research: exploring paralel, serial, and moderated mediation. Health Communication, 30(6), 566–576. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2013.873363
Klempić Bogadi, S., Podgorelec, S., & Šabijan. M. (2015). Hrvatsko selo na početku 21. stoljeća – studija slučaja Gornja Rijeka. Sociologija i prostor, 53(2), 139–161. https://doi.org/10.5673/sip.53.2.3
Lee, B., Chen, Y., & Hewitt, L. (2011). Age differences in constraints encountered by seniors in their use of computers and the Internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(3), 1231–1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.01.003
Makaroun, L. K., Bachrach, R. L., & Rosland, A. M. (2020). Elder abuse in the time of COVID-19—Increased risks for older adults and their caregivers. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(8), 876–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.017
MROSP (2020). „Odgovorni ostajemo bliski“ glavna je poruka kampanje o suzbijanju širenja koronavirusa među starijom populacijom. Retrieved from https://mrosp.gov.hr/vijesti/odgovorni-ostajemo-bliski-glavna-je-poruka-kampanje-o-suzbijanju-sirenja-koronavirusa-medju-starijom-populacijom/11959
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2020). Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: Opportunities for the Health Care System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Patković, N., Ban, B., Novak Starčević, L., Gotal, V., Turić, D., Pušić, M., & Benčić. L. (2020, November 8). Potresne priče iz Domova za starije i nemoćne: ‘Naš prozor je naš svijet. Fale nam naši najbliži..‘ Jutarnji list. Retrieved from https://www.jutarnji.hr/life/zivotne-price/potresne-price-iz-domova-za-starije-i-nemocne-nas-prozor-je-nas-svijet-fale-nam-nasi-najblizi-15004190
Podgorelec, S. (2010). Migracija kao sudbina – hrvatski otoci i starenje stanovništva, In I. Lajić (Ed.), Migracije i regionalni razvoj Hrvatske (pp. 141–162). Zagreb: IMIN.
Podgorelec, S., & Klempić, S. (2007). Starenje i neformalna skrb o starim osobama u Hrvatskoj. Migracijske i etničke teme, 23 (1-2), 111–134.
Podgorelec, S., & Klempić Bogadi, S. (2013). Gradovi potopili škoje – promjene u malim otočnim zajednicama. Zagreb: IMIN.
United Nations (2020). Policy Brief: The Impact of COVID-19 on older persons, May 2020. Retrieved from https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-05/Policy-Brief-The-Impact-of-COVID-19-on-Older-Persons.pdf
Wu, B. (2020). Social isolation and loneliness among older adults in the context of COVID-19: a global challenge. Global Health Research and Policy, 5, 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-020-00154-3
World Health Organization (WHO) (2015). A Manual for Estimating Disease Burden Associated with Seasonal Influenza. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/178801/9789241549301_eng.pdf;jsessionid=A9917E2124ED9DAE2F9549081AC41F41?sequence=1
Yu, R. P., Mccammon, R. J., Ellison, N. B., & Langa, K. M. (2016). The relationships that matter: Social network site use and social wellbeing among older adults in the United States of America. Ageing & Society, 36(9), 1826–1852. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X15000677