Rodne razlike u obrascima kohortnog fertiliteta u Srbiji: uloga obrazovnog gradijenta

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Objavljeno: Aug 20, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.59954/stnv.627
Ključne reči:
kohortni fertilitet, popis stanovništva 2022, progresija ka redovima rađanja, obrazovanje, rod

Glavni sadržaj članka

Vladimir Nikitović
Institut društvenih nauka - Centar za demografska istraživanja, Beograd
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-9309
Ivana Magdalenić
Institut društvenih nauka - Centar za demografska istraživanja, Beograd
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0719-6742

Apstrakt

Ovaj rad predstavlja prvi doprinos istraživanju rodnih razlika u obrascima kohortnog fertiliteta u Srbiji. Koristili smo posebno obrađene rezultate Popisa 2022. koji obuhvataju jednogodišnje kohorte žena rođenih 1940-1982. i muškaraca rođenih 1940-1977. godine. Koristeći stope progresije ka redovima rađanja (paritetima), ispitali smo promene i rodne obrasce završenog kohortnog fertiliteta iz perspektive obrazovnih razlika s obzirom na ulogu obrazovne ekspanzije u promenama fertiliteta poslednjih decenija. Analiza metodom dekompozicije pokazala je da je značajan porast bezdetnosti i pad progresije ka drugom detetu među kohortama rođenim posle 1960. godine ključni razlog pada završenog fertiliteta oba pola. Razvoj odnosa obrazovanja i fertiliteta doveo je do promena u obrazovnim diferencijalima fertiliteta kod oba pola, ali i do veoma izraženog rodnog jaza u obrascima ovih razlika. Konvergencija u završenom fertilitetu među različitim obrazovnim grupama u starijim kohortama muškaraca pretvorila se u divergenciju između niskoobrazovanih i više obrazovanih u mlađim generacijama, što je rezultiralo pozitivnim obrazovnim gradijentom u skorijem završenom fertilitetu muškaraca. Negativan obrazovni gradijent u završenom fertilitetu zabeležen je u svim kohortama žena, pri čemu se jaz između nisko i visokoobrazovanih udvostručio među mlađim u poređenju sa starijim kohortama. Razvoj obrazovnih razlika u bezdetnosti među kohortama doveo je do rodne konvergencije među visokoobrazovanim i divergencije među niskoobrazovanim u Srbiji, za razliku od procesa koji se odvijao u rodno egalitarnijim društvima. Nedostatak konvergencije u tranziciji ka drugom i trećem detetu među različitim obrazovnim grupama oba pola, što je posebno izraženo kod žena, sugeriše da što je osoba obrazovanija, to joj je teže da proširuje porodicu zbog nedostatka institucionalne podrške roditeljstvu i rodne jednakosti unutar porodice. Identifikovani obrasci završenog kohortnog fertiliteta u Srbiji potvrđuju teorijske pretpostavke i nalaze iz drugih država da u društvima sa izraženijom rodnom nejednakošću i politikama podrške porodici koje nisu dovoljno rodno i roditeljski senzitivne veći oportuni troškovi roditeljstva dovode do nižeg fertiliteta i obrnuto.

 

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Nikitović, V., & Magdalenić, I. (2024). Rodne razlike u obrascima kohortnog fertiliteta u Srbiji: uloga obrazovnog gradijenta. Stanovništvo, 62(S1), S5-S35. https://doi.org/10.59954/stnv.627
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God. 62 Br. S1 (2024): Specijalni broj: Aktuelna populaciona pitanja u postjugoslovenskim zemljama
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Ovaj rad je pod Creative Commons Autorstvo-Nekomercijalno 4.0 Internacionalna licenca.

Centar za demografska istraživanja Instituta društvenih nauka

Biografije autora

Vladimir Nikitović, Institut društvenih nauka - Centar za demografska istraživanja, Beograd

Naučni savetnik

Ivana Magdalenić, Institut društvenih nauka - Centar za demografska istraživanja, Beograd

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