Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boško Mijatović Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Liberal-Democratic studies, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: The inception of demographic theory in Serbia Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This text contains an account of the first work on theoretical demography in Serbia, which was written in 1862 by Kosta Cukić, a doctor of philosophy from Heidelberg and the first widely recognised Serbian economist. He dealt with this topic in the second volume of his State Economy textbook, the title of which was Economic Policy. Writing about population problems in economic textbooks was a common European practice at that time. Although he wrote for a textbook, his work was not a retelling of generally accepted theories, but a critical discussion of issues that had not been resolved in contemporary science. Therefore, his work can be considered original in the full sense of the word. In the theoretical sense, Cukić relied on Malthus, but also provided significantly different perspectives on many issues. He accepted Malthus's position that the amount of food is a limiting factor in population growth and that natural fertility is very high due to people’s strong sexual drive. But there were also important differences: in Cukić’s theoretical framework, the iron law of wages does not apply, i.e. wages do not always strive for the existential minimum, as Malthus argued. Cukić also argues that capital affects fertility, since it affects the amount of available resources. Cukić was not a pessimist like Malthus, and instead observed a significant population growth in Europe at the time, without mass famine and pestilence. As we can see, Cukić dealt a lot with Malthus and his theory. This is understandable considering that Malthus was the preeminent theoretician whose work focused on the population problem in those decades, and therefore determination according to his theory and discussion with him was inevitable for anyone who intended to write about population problems. Cukić also dealt with population policy and those aspects of it that were available to the governments of the time: immigration, emigration, and marriage. The basis of his views was strong and consistent liberalism in every respect. Cukić advocated for expanding personal freedoms, such as free decision-making about marriage, and free immigration to the country and emigration from it. In some places he would set minimum technical conditions. "Personal freedom... is the ideal of the political consciousness of the present time". Accordingly, he claimed that "citizens are not just means for governmental purposes", but on the contrary, it is the government's duty to "facilitate and support the aspirations of citizens to particular and general happiness", thus repeating John Locke's idea that the state exists for the sake of citizens, and not citizens for the sake of the state. Cukić belonged to a wide circle of authors in the mid-19th century who fundamentally rejected Malthus's theory: on the one hand, economists who claimed that technological progress and a deepened division of labour would lead to economic progress that would forever postpone the existential crisis that Malthus feared; and on the other, demographers who believed that workers would control their fertility to preserve living standards to a greater extent than Malthus thought possible. Towards the end of the 19th century, the decline of fertility in Western countries provided strong evidence in favour of the latter. Keywords: population growth; Malthus; food as a limiting factor; fertility; controls Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 5-16 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: July DOI: 10.2298/STNV220922006M File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/496 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/496/496 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:61:y:2023:i:1:id:496 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivan Marinković Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Demographic Research, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: New census, new solutions, old problems Publication-Status: Published Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 109-114 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: July DOI: 10.59954/stnv.521 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/521 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/521/500 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:61:y:2023:i:1:id:521 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimir Nikitović Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Demographic Research, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: 60 years of Stanovništvo – from the printing press to the web Publication-Status: Published Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 1-2 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: July DOI: 10.59954/stnv.522 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/522 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/522/498 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:61:y:2023:i:1:id:522 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nevena Trnavčević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Author-Name: Aleksandar Knežević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: The demographic approach to the quality of official ethnicity data in Serbia – a research proposal Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Demographic studies of the population by ethnicity are gaining new significance. Emigration, intensive aging, and declining fertility have caused changes in demographic trends, particularly in communities of different ethnic backgrounds. Ethnodemographic trends are mostly observed through the lens of official ethnic statistics. The most important factor regarding data quality is the approach towards subjective criteria in the self-declaration of ethnic affiliation in censuses and vital statistical surveys. This paper presents examples of statistical deviations of demographic indicators based on official data on ethnicity and introduces a proposal for research into their quality and use value. Our research proposal is based on previous demographic analyses of ethnicity data and focuses on the demographic framework of statistics of ethnicity in Serbia through data quality analysis. We contend that the results presented in the paper constitute a sufficient argument for a broader methodological discussion regarding the necessity of demographic research into ethnicity data to create a “more objective” demographic picture of minorities. Examining the quality of ethnicity data is very important for analysing indicators of statistically variable minority ethnic groups. The results of the research can form the basis for reviewing the data sources on which policies towards ethnic minorities are formulated. Keywords: statistics of ethnicity; quality of data on ethnic characteristics; ethnodemographic trends; statistically variable ethnic groups; Serbia Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 17-33 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: July DOI: 10.2298/STNV220416004T File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/475 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/475/503 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:61:y:2023:i:1:id:475 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marko Galjak Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Demographic Research, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Peter Zeihan: The End of the World Is Just the Beginning - Mapping the Collapse of Globalization Publication-Status: Published Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 115-119 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: July DOI: 10.59954/stnv.516 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/516 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/516/501 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:61:y:2023:i:1:id:516 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zoran Lutovac Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Politicological Research and Public Opinion, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Populism and the migrant crisis in Europe – political implications Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Dealing with the migrant crisis in Europe has shown that the regulations, principles, and values of the European Union are overshadowed by the individual interests of its member states. On the one hand, EU member states have faced internal political challenges caused by populism, while on the other hand, there has been a lack of rapid, coordinated, and synchronised measures to solve the problems at hand. The mass influx of migrants from Asia and Africa to Europe indicates demographic shifts on a historic scale and possible global consequences, but EU member states have been observing the issue and are still observing it primarily from their own national point of view. A comparative analysis of electoral support for populist parties and movements in Europe since the beginning of the migrant crisis has led to an indicative conclusion that there is a direct correlation between increasing support for populists and the large-scale migrant crisis. The significant influx of migrants has contributed not decisively, but to a significant extent to the creation of a great populist wave that has engulfed almost all of Europe. Keywords: populism; migration; migrant crisis; electoral support; Europe Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 35-51 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: July DOI: 10.2298/STNV221103005L File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/502 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/502/504 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:61:y:2023:i:1:id:502 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivana Magdalenić Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Demographic Research, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Author-Name: Mirjana Devedžić Author-Workplace-Name: University of Belgrade - Faculty of Geography, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Ankica Šobot: Low fertility rates and gender roles - Theoretical framework and practical challenges Publication-Status: Published Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 121-125 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: July DOI: 10.59954/stnv.515 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/515 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/515/502 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:61:y:2023:i:1:id:515 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanja Stojković Zlatanović Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Legal Research, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Author-Name: Predrag Jovanović Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Economic Research, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Workforce aging and decent work in the era of the digital economy – towards a holistic public policy approach Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The aging of populations and the labour force, combined with the process of digitalisation, have a significant impact on labour markets, employment, and labour rights worldwide. Industries and jobs that rely on age-appreciating skills, which improve with age, are positively affected by both aging and digitalisation, since automation compensates for the lower physical abilities of older workers, thereby increasing their productivity. On the other hand, automation threatens physical and routine jobs that require low skills. In this paper, the authors used an empirical approach and inductive method to analyse the simultaneous influence of aging and digitalisation on workforce skills and demand for employees. In the future, governments’ efforts to stimulate employment and decent work should include providing high-quality education that prepares the workforce to gain and upgrade creative and social skills. These changes require policy and regulatory interventions to address the issues of skill shifts and the transition towards both digital and green economies, while simultaneously promoting and standing for decent work conditions. This presupposes that businesses introduce and adopt sustainable, dynamic, and inclusive workplace practices. The authors propose the age management mechanism as a human resource tool, as well as its legal counterpart, the age-responsible due diligence approach, for managing the necessary changes. Keywords: aging workforce; digitalisation; age-appreciating skills; decent work standards; human rights due diligence approach Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 53-68 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: July DOI: 10.2298/STNV230220001S File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/508 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/508/497 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:61:y:2023:i:1:id:508 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanja Filipović Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Business, Singidunum University, Belgrade (Serbia) Author-Name: Jelena Ignjatović Author-Workplace-Name: Academy of Vocational Studies, Department of Agricultural and Business Studies and Tourism, Šabac (Serbia) Title: The effects оf Chinese population policy оn the labour market Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Faced with high levels of poverty, China introduced its "one-child policy" in 1980 and began economic and systemic reforms that led to the country's strong economic development. Thanks to the improvement in the average standard of living, certain socioeconomic aspects related to women's employment, the pursuit of higher education, delays in childbirth, and the number of children have changed. These changes have not only reduced the number of children being born and led to population aging, but have also affected the labour market. The aim of this paper is to determine the effects of Chinese population policy on selected labour market indicators: labour force by age and sex in rural/urban areas, the labour force participation rate, and the unemployment rate. Research results from 2010 to 2020 show the growth of the labour force, while the unemployment rate has been growing since 2018. It is noticeable that the number of workers in the labour force is growing in cities, while it is declining in rural areas. On the other hand, the unemployment rate is lower in rural areas, while the growth of unemployment is evident in urban areas. The research shows that the long-term implementation of this population policy has resulted in a larger number of men, leading to greater participation of men in the labour force. Despite measures to improve the position of women at work, women's social security is still not guaranteed, and it is more difficult for women to decide to expand their families. As China has ambitious plans for economic development, defining adequate population and social policies is crucial for their implementation. Keywords: China; population; policy; labour; market Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 69-89 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: July DOI: 10.2298/STNV220609003F File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/487 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/487/505 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:61:y:2023:i:1:id:487 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bojan Urdarević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Law, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac (Serbia) Title: Implications of labour migration on the European labour market – labour law aspects Publication-Status: Published Abstract: During the 21st century, migrations have become increasingly intense, since they are often planned with a specific goal and could cause major social changes. Unfortunately, since there is no definition of the term ‘migrant’, countries face a particular challenge in protecting migrant workers’ right to work. The International Labour Organization, the Council of Europe, and the European Union have made significant contributions to establishing and developing the migrant worker protection system. At the national level, governments and trade unions contribute to migrant workers’ protection by adopting laws to control migrations. However, with many social, political, and economic factors at play, countries can’t always control immigration within their own territory. The author’s hypothesis is that the position of migrant workers depends significantly on the host country’s immigration and labour policies. The paper concludes that the application of general provisions prescribed at the international level cannot and does not fully protect the rights of migrant workers. Given this, it is not surprising that certain countries and trade unions have begun to protect their interests by adopting legal regulations to manage migration within their territory. The paper identifies the fear that labour migration will negatively affect trade unions’ image in those countries where trade unions are weak and disjointed, without real power to influence decision-makers. Finally, when analysing the position of migrant workers in the Republic of Serbia, the author points that the motives for labour force emigration from Serbia are extremely strong, so even if certain changes were to be made to labour conditions, there would be no reduction in emigration. This is because workers’ motives for emigration go beyond mere dissatisfaction with labour conditions, but are rather linked to their general dissatisfaction with the quality of life in Serbia. Keywords International Labour Organisation, migrant worker, trade union, country of origin, labour market Keywords: International Labour Organisation; migrant worker; trade union; country of origin; labour market Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 91-106 Volume: 61 Issue: 1 Year: 2023 Month: July DOI: 10.2298/STNV2301091U File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/520 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/520/499 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:61:y:2023:i:1:id:520