Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirjana Rašević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Religions and Low Fertility Today Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Our understanding of whether, to what extent, and under which conditions religions nowadays influence birth levels depends on research. It is important to seek answers to two fundamental questions. The first question is about the role of religiosity and religious affiliation in the deterministic cause of low fertility and family planning in recent times. The second question deals with the influence of religious institutions on birth levels and the exercise of reproductive rights at the global level and within certain population groups over recent decades. To that end, the paper provides an overview of theoretical examinations of the connection between religions and fertility, empirical studies addressing low completed fertility, birth control, or sexual behaviour in relation to religiosity or religious affiliation of individuals, as well as the influence of religious institutions on fertility transition and the respect of human rights in this field. A review of the recent studies of various populations characterised by low birth levels shows that religiosity, especially practising religion, encourages people to uphold traditional values, attitudes, and behaviours that are directly or indirectly related to the concepts of marriage and childbearing. Moreover, it sheds light on some examples of religious institutions’ concrete opposition to progress in this area, while also highlighting contradictory cases of religions supporting profound contemporary changes in reproductive behaviour. Keywords: religions; fertility; family planning; reproductive rights; demography Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 1-11 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 Month: December DOI: 10.2298/STNV190814005R File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/348 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/348/327 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:57:y:2019:i:2:id:348 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanja Klempić Bogadi Author-Workplace-Name: Department for Migration and Demographic Research, Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies, Zagreb (Croatia) Title: Vladimir Nikitović: Approaching regional depopulation in Serbia Publication-Status: Published Abstract: A review of the book Approaching regional depopulation in Serbia by Vladimir Nikitović Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade, 2019, p. 115 Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 87-91 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.370 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/370 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/370/336 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:57:y:2019:i:2:id:370 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ankica Šobot Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Scientific Conference - Serbia: Gender, Policies and Population Publication-Status: Published Abstract: A review of the conference held in Congress hall of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Belgrade (Serbia) on 2nd October 2019 Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 93-98 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.371 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/371 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/371/337 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:57:y:2019:i:2:id:371 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jelena (Novica) Stojilković Gnjatović Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Theoretical and conceptual framework for population ageing research Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The ageing of the population is a contemporary phenomenon, but its foundations were laid decades ago. Changing age structures and the consequent demographic ageing has only recently become the subject of theoretical (re)consideration, since the theory of demographic transition only values fertility and mortality trajectories. The emergence of “new” demography takes into account the momentum created by the previous trends in population dynamics and explains the future rejuvenation or ageing of the population. The importance of inherited age structure can be illustrated using an approach that represents distorted cohort flows, showing that baby booms and baby busts can play a crucial role in the future ageing of the population. While in the past it was fertility that predominantly affected age structure, recent research has revealed that changes in life expectancy are becoming a more prominent factor in shaping expected population ageing trends. The general theory of population ageing would have to consider the possible compression of morbidity, dynamic equilibrium, or the expansion of morbidity, since the future course of (healthy) life expectancy is determining the scope of the old and fragile population. The status of theory in demography has long been problematic, since the “grandiose” theory of demographic transition had to be reevaluated. Modern approaches apply more flexible theoretical frameworks to explain contemporary demographic changes and provide a conceptual background. As such, the important paradigm for the demography of ageing should be the prospective paradigm, which uses information about the longevity of the population and transposes it to population ageing research. The theory of population metabolism seems to adequately define why population ageing is important for cohorts and generation change, especially in cases where distorted cohort flows create prominent cohort oscillation. The need to create adequate policies for changing age composition morphology is highlighted in the domain of institutional adaptation, where the concept of population balance can provide the appropriate framework. Also, as life events tend to take place more often at certain points in the life cycle – for example during adulthood and entering old age – the idea of population densities should be further explored. Keywords: population ageing; theoretical framework; demographic transitions; cohort; life expectancy Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 13-33 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 Month: December DOI: 10.2298/STNV1902013S File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/362 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/362/333 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:57:y:2019:i:2:id:362 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dejana Pavlović Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Economic Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Author-Name: Dragan Bjelica Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Author-Name: Ivana Domazet Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Economic Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: What Characteristics in the Youth Labour Market of Serbia Are Likely to Result in Employment? Publication-Status: Published Abstract: In stark contrast to certain EU member countries, Serbia faces a high youth unemployment rate of over 30% (34.9% in 2016, 32.8% in 2017 and 31% in 2018). This paper provides a logistic regression analysis of what characteristics among youth (15-30 years of age) contribute to the likelihood of their employment in Serbia. While youth is internationally defined as being between the ages of 15-24, this paper broadens it to 15-30, as it is defined in Serbia (RS) for the purposes of youth employment/unemployment and for the country’s “National Youth Strategy from 2015 to 2025.” The study was conducted using micro data from the Labour Force Survey provided on request from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. The indicators that affect whether a young person will be employed or not are: the financial background of the participant’s household, earnings, age, gender, and total years of work experience. Theoretically, although it may be anticipated that unemployed individuals who have greater work experience find it easier to find a job, employment does seem to automatically generate longer working hours. The results of the research are both practical and scientific, as they may not only assist policy-makers in the process of writing strategies on youth employment, but also bear groundwork for further study. Keywords: youth; unemployment rate; Serbia; labour market; logistic regression Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 35-47 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 Month: December DOI: 10.2298/STNV190823006P File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/350 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/350/332 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:57:y:2019:i:2:id:350 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alma Kadušić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Tuzla (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Author-Name: Nedima Smajić Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Tuzla (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Title: Primary-School-Age Population Change in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Effects of Demographic Factors Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The beginning of the 21st century in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (henceforth referred to as “the Federation”) has been characterised by a decrease in the primary-school-age population. As such, the main objective of this work is to define and explain the factors that have influenced the decrease in the primary-school-age population in this part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research methodology applied in this work is oriented towards defining the degree of influence of demographic factors on the development of the primary-school-age population in the Federation. By using statistical methods and GIS analysis of statistical data, negative demographic trends were confirmed in the Federation at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. These trends included intensive migration, a decrease in the total number of inhabitants, a decrease in the birth rate, an increased mortality rate, a decreased rate of natural population change, and the ageing of the population. Due to adverse economic, social, political, and other circumstances after 1995, population emigration has been intensified, most noticeably within the population aged between 20 and 40. The most important result of the research is the fact that the decrease in the natural population dynamics and intensive emigration are the most significant factors influencing the decrease in the primary-school-age population in the Federation. Such negative demographic trends influence the primary education system adversely. In the future, it will be necessary to plan and implement a population-revitalisation process as part of the federation’s overall population policy. Keywords: Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; primary-school-age population; demographic factors; natural population change; emigration Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 49-70 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 Month: December DOI: 10.2298/STNV1902049K File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/345 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/345/334 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:57:y:2019:i:2:id:345 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nena A. Vasojević Author-Workplace-Name: Innovation Center, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Author-Name: Snežana Kirin Author-Workplace-Name: Innovation Center, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Life Satisfaction of Returnee Scholarship Holders in Serbia Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Educated and talented people drive progress in every country. That’s why no country can neglect these people; that would mean losing one’s own potential. This paper emphasises the importance of educating scholarship students abroad as a means of developing and accumulating human resources and a key determinant of sustainable development in the modern world. Investing in the education of the best students (scholarship holders) is an investment in the future, which brings multiple benefits on a social, economic, and political level. Migration is an important phenomenon that attracts public attention, especially when it comes to highly educated experts leaving their home country in search of better education. Highly educated experts have been leaving Serbia for several decades, which poses an obvious problem for local society. The topic of permanent migration is dominant both in foreign and domestic literature, but studies on the temporary migration of highly educated students (scholarship holders) is almost nonexistent. The aim of this paper is to point out the value of returnee scholarship holders and the importance of creating the appropriate conditions for them to stay in the country. A survey conducted on a group of 96 returnee scholarship holders identified factors that affect their satisfaction with living in Serbia. The survey involved experts from Serbia who were educated abroad as scholarship holders, where they acquired academic titles and are now employed: as faculty teachers (32); as researchers at scientific institutes (24); in the private sector (21); at universities (12); in state administrative departments (5); and in medical institutions (2). The criterion for selecting this group of respondents was that they had stayed abroad as scholarship holders, whether they used scholarships from domestic (24) or foreign (72) funds. Scholarship students go abroad mostly because of their personal aspirations for training, gaining new experiences, and because of the inability to study the desired discipline in their country, as was the case for 74 respondents. The main reasons for deciding to return are family (25) and the belief that they have a good chance to work in Serbia (18), while 16 respondents could not stay abroad. In this paper, we used the factor analysis method. The main factors that create satisfaction with life in Serbia are isolated. These factors are: satisfaction with work and a set of factors that strongly correlate with it (the ability to make decisions, the implementation of acquired knowledge, peer acceptance), as well as the recognition of their diploma in Serbia without any difficulties. By improving these factors, there might be a significant increase in the chance that returnee scholarship holders remain in Serbia for a long time. Based on this, it would be wise to build a strategy on how to encourage returnee scholarship holders to stay in the country. The results obtained in this study represent a contribution to a search for a strategy that will attract, involve, and retain educated people in the country. Keywords: scholarship holders; returnees; education; job satisfaction; life satisfaction Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 71-86 Volume: 57 Issue: 2 Year: 2019 Month: December DOI: 10.2298/STNV1902071V File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/357 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/357/335 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:57:y:2019:i:2:id:357