Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mina Petrović
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia)
Author-Name: Vera Backović
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia)
Author-Name: Irena Petrović
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: Place Attachment and Migration Intentions of the Population: An Example of Eight Cities in Serbia
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: Following the need to combine macro structural and micro actors’ perspective, this paper conceptually starts from endogenous city development paradigm within which place attachment and intentions to migrate are given specific importance since human resources are perceived of pivotal significance. Such paradigm is related to diversified factors that makes city more or less attractive for local population, thus enhancing their place attachment and involvement or migrational intentions. Focused connection between the place attachment and migration intentions are discussed as neglected in studies of migration, and conceptually supported by the notion of territorial identity and specific reinterpretation of Bourdieu’s ideas of sense of comfort in place, and by employing his concept of habitus to the city. Empirically, the connection of people’s place attachment and intentions to migrate is analyzed for eight cities in Serbia. The selected cities: Kragujevac, Sabac, Užice, Novi Pazar, Sombor, Zrenjanin, Leskovac, and Zaječar are chosen as middle sized cities for which the issues to develop attractiveness and attach their population becomes particularly complex in times of (post-socialist) transformation and economic crisis.
 Empirical analysis is aimed to illustrate the researched cities potential to keep their population by investigating their place attachment (emotional and functional) and the way they perceive their city, in relation to their intention to migrate. Data are collected through questionnaire survey, in the 2013-2015 period. Such an explorative aim intended to demonstrate the importance to research local population perspective in order to understand the cities as lived spaces and their acting potential, as such important information are left out of scope by regular statistics. Research findings confirm the basic assumption that cities with higher migration inclinations are also the cities with lower place attachment. That supports the employed perspective which reveals that place attachment and provincial habitus’ characteristics emerge irrespective to their development category. Thus, Zrenjanin and Zajecar appeared with weaker while Novi Pazar with stronger capacities than expected. Besides that, the correlation between migration inclinations and place attachment is more consistent and stronger than between migration inclinations and any other socio-demographic characteristic of respondents, in all cities. Such finding confirms the need that place attachment should be given more attention in researching city development potentials, for which migrations are sifnificant indication. More work should be dedicated to further conceptualization of connection between place attachment and migrational intentions both from demographic and sociological perspective. Also, the fact that respondents’ education correlates more to place attachment than to migrational intentions, while correlations among the last two variables are more consistent, indicates to possible complex interferences and need to further explore the observed connections.
Keywords: place attachment; migration; city; development; habitus
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 1-24
Volume: 55
Issue: 2
Year: 2017
Month: December
DOI: 10.2298/STNV1702001P
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/44
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/44/47
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:55:y:2017:i:2:id:44

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vladimir Nikitović
Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre
Title: Scientific conference: “Towards Better Demographic Future of Serbia”
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: No abstract.
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 91-100
Volume: 55
Issue: 2
Year: 2017
Month: December
DOI: 10.59954/stnv.145
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/145
File-Function: Abstract page
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/145/137
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:55:y:2017:i:2:id:145

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Jelisaveta Petrović
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia)
Author-Name: Jelena Pešić
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: Between Integration, Security and Humanitarianism: Serbian Citizens’ Attitudes towards Migrants
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: Almost a million people from Middle East and North Africa have passed through the territory of Serbia on their way to Western Europe during 2015 and 2016. Although Serbia has predominantly been a transit country for migrants, this recent passage of a large number of people, as well as a longer retention of some migrants, opened up a number of questions on capacities for emergent acceptance but also on long term integration of this population.
 The paper examines the characteristics of citizens’ attitudes towards the migrant population with the intention of determining which perspective – security, humanitarian or integrative – is being distinguished as a dominant one? Under the security perspective, it is understood that migrants pose a potential risk for the security of domestic population. The humanitarian perspective refers to a belief that migrants need to be provided with necessary assistance on their way to destination countries. The third, integrative perspective represents the “most open” attitude towards migrants and implies that it is necessary to provide the opportunity for more permanent integration of the migrant population. In addition to that, the paper examines the existence of statistically significant variations in the degree of acceptance of the attitudes measuring mentioned perspectives in terms of socio-demographic and socio-cultural factors.
 The analysis is based on the data collected through the survey conducted in the spring of 2016 on a representative sample of Serbian citizens (without Kosovo) that numbered 998 respondents. Findings show that the humanitarian perspective is the most prevalent in the population, which is in line with the transitional character of migration. Ethnic distance is the most influential factor in shaping attitudes towards migrants. This finding indicates that attitudes toward migrants are more the result of the socio-psychological factors than the micro-structural factors or the demographic and cultural characteristics. Furthermore, this finding points to the deeper historical roots of factors shaping the examined perspectives, but also indicates the directions of potential positive action through the breaking of negative stereotypes and formulation of adequate strategies for the promotion of multicultural societies.
Keywords: migration; attitudes; integration; humanitarianism; security
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 25-51
Volume: 55
Issue: 2
Year: 2017
Month: December
DOI: 10.2298/STNV1702025P
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/45
File-Function: Abstract page
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/45/48
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:55:y:2017:i:2:id:45

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Marija Drobnjaković
Author-Workplace-Name: Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić" SASA, Belgrade (Serbia)
Author-Name: Aleksandra Spalević
Author-Workplace-Name: Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijić" SASA, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: Scientific conference: “Branislav Kojić – Village in the Space, Space in the Village”
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: No.
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 101-105
Volume: 55
Issue: 2
Year: 2017
Month: December
DOI: 10.59954/stnv.148
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/148
File-Function: Abstract page
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/148/139
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:55:y:2017:i:2:id:148

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Vesna Lukić
Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: Relations between Information and Communication Technologies and International Migration
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: The paper focuses on the topic of the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the international migration phenomenon According to the discussed literature, there is an impression that ICTs change the essence of migration and monitoring of migration flows. It also suggests that migration and migrants’ needs shape the development of ICT services intended to them, but they also shape the content of social media.
 The impact of new technologies on international migration (before migration, during migration and upon arrival in the country of destination) has been discussed through an overview of empirical research findings in Serbia and other countries. In this context, the ICT users relevant to the migration process (individuals and interest groups) have been more closely determined and discussed, the aspects of the relations between ICTs and migration have been highlighted, as well as their implications for individuals and society.
 The considered aspects of relations of ICTs and international migration at different stages of the migration process and their severe implications for individuals and society, in our opinion, point to the need for cooperation of users of information and communication technologies relevant to the migration process in different domains ‒ the spheres of influence of ICTs. We believe that is how the potential of ICTs will be exploited in an adequate way, for benefit of both ‒ migrants and other relevant interested parties.
 While widely accepted by individuals, information and communication technologies have just begun to be recognized as important for migration policy in Serbia and generally, in terms of their opportunities and challenges.
 In Serbia, only recently (as of the 2011 Census) there has been data available on the use of ICTs by certain migrant groups (long-term settled refugees from former Yugoslav republics). Also, the qualitative surveys on the use of ICTs during the migration by transit asylum seekers have recently started. That can also be said for the research, where ICTs serve for gaining knowledge on migrants and attitudes towards immigrants.
 Although not voluminous, academic literature on the use and implications of ICTs use in the migration process in Serbia points to greater use of ICTs by certain groups of migrants (long-term settled refugees from former Yugoslavia) in relation to the local population. There are also generational and gender differences in the use of ICTs by migrants. When it comes to transit asylum seekers in Serbia, the use of ICTs at various stages of migration and for various purposes (among them are the selection of the country of destination, the route of movement, but also contact with other migrants and smugglers) is observed.
Keywords: international migration; information-communication technologies; social media; social capital; migration networks
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 53-68
Volume: 55
Issue: 2
Year: 2017
Month: December
DOI: 10.2298/STNV170505004L
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/51
File-Function: Abstract page
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/51/51
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:55:y:2017:i:2:id:51

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Petar Vasić
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: Household Projections by the Headship Rates Method: The Case of Serbia
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: The headship rates method (HRM) of household projections based on the share of household heads in the total population of the same demographic characteristics (age, sex, nationality, marital status, etc.) is the most commonly used method, especially by statistical institutes and planning institutions. The specific rates of household heads by age are calculated by dividing the number of household holders of a certain age with the total number of residents of the appropriate age. The future number of households is then simply projected on the basis of population projections by age and assumptions about the future changes of HR.
 The HRM is based on the projection of the future age structure of the population. In that sense, the choice of methods of population projection, as well as the method of projecting HR-s have determining impact on the outcome of household projections. Given the methodological inconsistency typical for official population projections in Serbia and significant differences in addressing uncertainty of the future population change between deterministic and probabilistic approach in making population projections, the decision to use a probabilistic projection of the population of Serbia as the basis for calculating the future number of households and their structure according to the age of the household head proved to be a logical choice. However, as the basic aim of this article is to show the simple method of household projections, the above-mentioned stochastic projection is used in utterly deterministic manner. The median of the prediction interval of the population distributed across age is interpreted as the most probable future, or as a prognosis. The HR-s based on the age structure estimates and estimated number of households by age of the household head from Household budget survey (HBS) are used for the purpose of HR projecting so that the number of observations would be large enough for calculating inclination parameters. The obtained rates show a tendency to decline during the observed period, however, in certain age categories, the rates are expressed by extreme values ​​that are certainly the result of random sampling in the HBS for the purpose of analyzing consumption rather than analyzing the demographic characteristics of households, and must be taken with a certain reserve. Although the tendency of declining rates in most age categories is not unexpected, surely the intensity of decline is unexpected. For this reason, in the formation of the regression function, the extreme values of the rates are intentionally excluded in the following way: after calculating the regression line parameters, all the values ​​of the rates that deviate from the regression values ​​by more than 20 per cent are rejected, after which the regression parameters are recalculated. On the basis of the second calculation of the regression line, parameters are obtained. However, as the obtained parameters led to unexpectedly large HR changes according to the age of the household head until the end of the projection period (2040), it was assumed that the inclination parameter (b) would be reduced by 10 per cent annually compared to the start year of the regression line. On the basis of the rates according to the 2011 census data and the hypothesis on the slowdown of the observed trends in the future, future HR-s are calculated. Furthermore, based on the projected HR-s by age and future age structure of the population, the number of households by the age of the household head for the projection years is calculated.
 Based on the results of the projection, the total number of households will be reduced on average by over 11 thousand households per year. Also, compared to the 2011 census, it can be expected that the number of households in all age groups will be reduced by the end of the projection period, except in the category of household heads aged 65 and over that stabilizes to around 900 thousand households by the end of the projection period. Due to the decline in the number of households, the average household size will be reduced by 0.18 members in 2040 compared to 2011, from 2.89 to 2.71.
 The largest number of households in Serbia are family households, the share of single person households in the population under the age of 50 is small, and the structural barriers to the establishment of an indigenous household in persons under the age of 30 are significant. All of this makes it difficult to withdraw parallels with other European populations in terms of a possible path that the population and households in Serbia should follow in the projection period. Some of the projections of households produced by the HRM of a newer date for populations also found in the post-transition demographic stage show that the age at which the household is based, the mechanisms that affect the generation, change, and extinguishing of the household, which are characteristic for each society, result in significantly different values ​​of age-specific HR-s. Of course, HR-s by age vary considerably among different populations. It is obvious that the key differences in Serbia in relation to other countries occur precisely at the age when individuals base their own household. The existence of postponing marriages and parenting that is recognized as key life-changing milestones in the transition to adulthood and the founding of one’s own household, the chronic lack of systematic housing policy towards young people and high youth unemployment are the main causes of the late establishment of their own household and the maintenance of low HR-s for persons under 30 years of age in Serbia. Nevertheless, during the first decade of the 21st century, there is a certain shift in the financial independence of young people, which gives some hope that in the future HR-s in the category between the ages of 30 and 39 can be slightly increased, which is confirmed on the basis of the sample of households from the HBS for the period 2006–2013. Namely, the tendency of a slight increase in the value of the rate for persons aged between 30 and 39 years is certainly the result of an increase in the age at which the household is based, which can be noticed on the basis of the reduction in rates for persons under the age of 30. On the other hand, a certain decline in the value of the rate characteristic for the households of the holders in their middle age (between 40 and 64 years of age) has an explanation in the increase in number and share of multi-family households in the period 1991–2011, especially in urban areas. During the 1990s, in the conditions of a deep socio-economic crisis, with the continuation in the next decade during the transition of the economic system, in conditions of significant poverty and the phenomenon of the re-traditionalization of partnership arrangements within multi-family households, it is obvious that a significant number of families in the middle of their life cycle lived in within parental households whose carriers are aged 65 and over. In fact, as the increase in the HR-s during the thirtieth year of age is the result of deprivation of rates in younger persons, this is, by and large, a rise in rates for persons aged 65 and over due to a reduction in rates among carriers aged between 40 and 64 years.
 The presented method of household projections is not characterized by methodological sophistication, elegance and precision in reflecting changes in the structure of households according to the family composition and a detailed presentation of changes in the family status of individuals, but it certainly represents an simple way of household projecting according to the age distribution of carriers, the average size and the number of households. It seems that this approach, based on the stability of age-specific rates of household heads, without getting involved in the field of sociology, is quite precise in the medium term, especially given the simplicity in household projecting based on HRM.
Keywords: household; household projection; headship rates method – HRM; age of the household head; population projection
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 69-89
Volume: 55
Issue: 2
Year: 2017
Month: December
DOI: 10.2298/STNV1702069V
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/67
File-Function: Abstract page
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/67/60
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:55:y:2017:i:2:id:67