Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Larisa Nikolaevna Shmigirilova Author-Workplace-Name: Belgorod State National Research University, Institute of Economy and Management, Belgorod (Russia) Title: Sociodemographic Aspects of Scientific and Technological Progress: Attitude and Opinions of Russians Publication-Status: Published Abstract: In this article the author, using examples from the recent past on data of the all-Russian polls, remarks on changing human environment innovations, which provide scientific and technical progress. The article investigates the impact assessment of the results of scientific and technical achievements, positive and negative predictions of the effects of an increasingly wide application of high-tech products in everyday life. A comparative sociological analysis of the studies' results, conducted in Russia and foreign countries regarding the impact of progress on humanity, is shown. The author's conclusions are presented: Russians refer to the achievements of scientific-technical progress as positive, but not so optimistic as, for example, Americans. The respondents are afraid of the intervention of new technologies in natural evolutionary and genetic processes, substitution of human relations to relations of order "technology and people", the proliferation of military equipment in civilian life. The author pays special attention to the role of women in environmental issues, which exhibits a strong response to the threats of environmental pollution and, as a rule, more critically perceive the environmental situation. Keywords: scientific and technological progress; technosphere; human environment; social risks; activity area Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 1-18 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 Month: October DOI: 10.2298/STNV1501001S File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/80 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/80/71 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:53:y:2015:i:1:id:80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daniela Arsenović Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences - Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Novi Sad (Serbia) Title: Changing Patterns of Mortality and Morbidity: Age-, Time-, Cause- and Cohort-perspectives Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Nema. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 89-92 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 Month: October DOI: 10.59954/stnv.227 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/227 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/227/211 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:53:y:2015:i:1:id:227 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirjana Morokvašić Author-Workplace-Name: Institut des sciences sociales du politique, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre la Défense Title: Paolo Ruspini, John Eade “A Decade of EU Enlargement: A Changing Framework and Patterns of Migration” Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Nema. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 92-94 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 Month: October DOI: 10.59954/stnv.228 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/228 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/228/212 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:53:y:2015:i:1:id:228 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslav Rašević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Political Science Title: Consciousness and Fertility of Population Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The presence of consciousness in human reproduction is not debatable, since human reproduction, concerning everything, has never been an animal one (as shown by instances of infanticide, behavior of Hutterote population, instances of an early drop in fertility, attitudes of individuals of non-participation in reproduction, etc.). Reproductive consciousness appears in two forms – individual and social, since reproduction itself has two forms. The presence of individual consciousness in the reproduction is shown in the fact that the influences of numerous factors of fertility are synthetized and intermingled. This function of individual consciousness is realized on a qualitative level based more upon belief, and more upon a distinct personal attitude about what is wanted, and less upon spontaneous behavior, emulation or some sort of unverified collective consciousness. Important changes in the position of the individual within family and society, first of all thanks to the higher level of education and expansion of personal freedoms, individualism and emancipation have contributed to that status of the individual consciousness. Accepting low reproductive standards, the individual consciousness is obviously under the influence of all basic social, economic, cultural and psychological generators of low fertility, but also under the influence of the demands of one's own consciousness for the sake of achieving the goals in other spheres of one's own personal life. One of the most important questions is whether the individual reproductive consciousness is under the influence of the social consciousness. In that sense the basic hypothesis is that the social consciousness is active in regulating numerous issues relevant for biological reproduction, but only very little active, if active at all, in the part of reproduction referring to the level of standards and participation in biological reproduction. In this way, the social consciousness is not present on the reproduction scene when standards and their realization are in question, leaving the entire responsibility for biological reproduction to the individual, which was not the case in earlier historical periods. This means that modern society does not carry out its functions in the sphere of childbearing, in spite of the fact that the demographic problem is evident. In conclusion, and according to these evaluations, two complementary questions could be raised. Is the absence of the influence of the social consciousness upon the forming of standards on the size of family one of the explanations of the insufficient reproduction for the renewal of population, and does that gap represent a chance for the solution of the demographic crisis in developed countries? Keywords: low fertility individual reproductive consisnousness Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: I-VIII Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 Month: October DOI: 10.59954/stnv.339 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/339 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/339/312 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:53:y:2015:i:1:id:339 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marta Sjeničić Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Legal Research, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: National Legal System in Relation to Vulnerable Population Groups Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Vulnerable social groups can be recognized in everyday life, and local legal regulations identify them as well. Strategies and laws clearly identify the increased needs of vulnerable groups. Local legislation, for example, observes comparative law trends and attempts to prevent discrimination of persons with disabilities, emphasizes their human rights and creates the legal framework for taking these persons out of the institutional form of protection and including them into the community. In Serbia however, strategies and laws, as well as by-laws, are written in sectors, and not in cross-sectors manner. Proper caring for persons with disabilities, including persons with mental disabilities, requires an integral approach, namely a mutual approach of the social, health, educational and other sectors. True enough, local regulations stress the need for an intersectional approach, but such an approach is scantily applied in practice, so the comprehensive care that would satisfy the multiple needs of persons with mental disabilities often turns out to be less than expected in the community. Pursuant to national laws and basic ethic principals, all citizens of the Republic of Serbia have the right to health protection without discrimination. Therefore, methods for using health protection, easier than the existing ones, should be found for certain vulnerable groups, depending on their characteristics, and so for the Roma as well, and bearing in mind that systemic health regulations in Serbia open the door to special treatment of these groups. The inaccessible approach to health care of the Roma population persists primarily due to insufficient basic health documentation and basic personal documentation. Personal documents are linked with the registered place of residence, which the Roma, largely do not have. The problem is thus on a wider scale and is not only focused on the health sector. As such, it requires a wider, intersectional approach and a coordinated solution to the problem. In the field of palliative care of terminally ill persons, a solution is on the way to be reached through the Strategy for Palliative Care, by reorganizing the health system. The health system as it is cannot fulfill the needs of persons requiring palliative care. Coextensive systems enable establishing hospices as charity organizations in the non-governmental sector, mainly financed from donations. They represent a support to the health system in taking care of terminally ill patients. For now, our legal system does now allow non-governmental organizations to engage in health activities, although there were initiatives in that direction. To some extent, national regulations offer a basis for treatment of patients with rare illnesses, but without specifying their rights to a diagnosis or treatment and without more detailed regulations on the allocation of funds directed towards diagnosing rare illnesses and treatment of the ill. A lack of legal and financial prerequisites makes them subject to discrimination. The very fact that a large number of these patients are children makes them twice as endangered category of population. The legal system has recently started dealing with a regulation that would support persons suffering from rare illnesses, but the implementation of these provisions has still not completely become a reality. The Law on Health Care and Insurance defines children and women in their reproductive period as an especially vulnerable group. The Law on Rights to Healthcare for Children, Pregnant Women and Women on Maternity Leave, has recently been brought. The Law has been brought with an aim of ensuring rights to health care and transportation costs benefits for children, pregnant women and mothers during maternity leave, regardless of the basis on which they have health insurance. The reason for bringing such a law is noble, but the form of the legal act, which was supposed to realize the set goal, was overemphasized and contributed to the already existing over-norming of Serbian legislature. The legal basis for regulating this issue already existed in the umbrella health laws and should have been realized through by-law regulations. Keywords: vulnerable groups; legal system; Roma; palliative care; persons with mental disabilities Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 19-38 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 Month: October DOI: 10.2298/STNV1501019S File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/81 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/81/72 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:53:y:2015:i:1:id:81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vesna Lukić Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Socio-demographic characteristics of the elderly forced migrants in Serbia Publication-Status: Published Abstract: In the context of the needs and rights of older migrants, migration history is particularly important where the elderly forced migrants are twice as vulnerable. Bearing in mind the intense process of population aging in Serbia which holds the attention of scientists and experts, and the large number of refugees who immigrated in the 90-ies from the former Yugoslav republics, selected socio-demographic structures of the elderly forced migrants in Serbia were analyzed as well as the relevant legal and strategic framework. The aim was to contribute to increasing knowledge of the demographic challenges of this subpopulation of forced migrants, as well as the differences relative to the domicile aging population. The data used in this study included a contingent of forced migrants aged 65 and over, on the basis of additionally processed Census data from 2011, based on questions about the place of birth of the person, year of arrival, the country in which  the person lived and the reasons for migration. Hence, the category which is the subject of research, is not defined on the basis of formal refugee status. A comparison of selected socio-demographic characteristics was made in relation to the domicile population, which in the paper means the population of Serbia without forced migrants. The research results indicate that older forced migrants in Serbia have characteristics of the general population of older people in Serbia. Their age-gender and marital structures are relatively similar. Most older women are widows who are heads of households, while a significant number are persons with disabilities as well. However, the process of aging of the elderly, present within the local population has not affected forced migrants yet, so this population is to some extent more vital. Data on the economic activity of the elderly forced migrants in Serbia point out to the lack of income as the main problem they are faced with. Older forced migrants are economically active to a lesser extent compared to the domicile elderly population, while the major differences between the two subgroups of the population are observed among the economically inactive persons. There is a noticeable smaller share of pensioners and a significantly higher share of persons who perform only housework in their households  of elderly forced migrants than for the domicile aging population, largely owing to the female population. This can be explained by the lower level of female employment of forced migrants in countries of origin but could also result from the circumstances of exile. Single-person elderly households of forced migrants are twice as vulnerable in economic terms than the domicile one, which confirms the high dependence of these groups of older migrants on financial aid. The lack of income of one part of the elderly forced migrants is a consequence of the unresolved issue of pension payments from Croatia, as most of the older forced migrants in Serbia are people from that former republic of Yugoslavia. The older forced migrants in Serbia from the former Yugoslav republics are relatively few in number, but a sensitive population that has legally integrated into the community since 2001 and is facing the same challenges as the local elderly population. Due to the circumstances of refugeeism in Serbia, these persons, as opposed to older migrants in other countries, have no linguistic or cultural barriers that could potentially hinder their integration within society but also within the social welfare and health care. However, although they have all legal rights as the local population, refugeeism gives a specific earmark to the social aspects of aging of these persons, and hinders their integration into economic and social life. Keywords: refugees; forced migration; old population; census; Serbia Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 39-60 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 Month: October DOI: 10.2298/STNV1501039L File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/82 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/82/73 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:53:y:2015:i:1:id:82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jelena Milić Author-Workplace-Name: College of Architecture and Urban Planning CAUP, Tongji University, Shanghai (China) Author-Name: Jingmin Zhou Author-Workplace-Name: College of Architecture and Urban Planning CAUP, Tongji University, Shanghai (China) Title: Youth Residential Situation in the Transition to Adulthood: The Case of Serbia (An Exploratory Approach) Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Research undertaken on housing and youth to date primarily focus on those at the very bottom of the social ladder. Nonetheless, a large percentage of youth population around the world is facing a crisis in terms of achieving residential autonomy. This paper attempts to illustrate the possibilities and obstacles that prevent youth from achieving residential independence in Serbia. The data collected in this exploratory study conducted in 2014, on a sample of 312 respondents, is used to analyze some of the most important structural factors (job market, education, financial situation and access to the housing market) in order to assess both current situation and the possible prospects of the youth housing issue in the country. Serbia, as most Southern European countries, has a 'Mediterranean' model of transition to adulthood, which is characterized by great reliance on the family of origin. It has been observed by respondents to this study that the most represented living arrangement was living with parents and that even older cohorts (30 to 35 years old) in most cases continued living with their family of origin to date. As our findings indicate, youth from the sample perceived this residential arrangement more as a consequence of poor financial situation and lack of cheap housing, rather than a desirable choice. It is difficult to predict if there will be significant improvements in the housing affordability or job market situation for youth, therefore the prospect of achieving residential independency for generations to come will remain tremendously challenging. Investigating existing and defining new strategies, in both the family and broader society contexts, is an important task for future research on accessibility of housing and youth residential situation advancement given the importance of this factor in the transition to adulthood. Keywords: residential situation; housing; young people; transition to adulthood; Serbia Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 61-87 Volume: 53 Issue: 1 Year: 2015 Month: October DOI: 10.2298/STNV1501061M File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/83 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/83/74 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:53:y:2015:i:1:id:83