Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marko Dokić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Law, University of Montenegro, Podgorica (Montenegro) Title: Malthus’s Theory on Population as a Basis for Criticism of the Interventionist State Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Going by ideological debates concerning (un)justifiable state intervention, protection of individual liberty, and the question of state's role, this article analyses Malthus's theory on population. It states a thesis that theory on population leads Malthus toward the idea of a minimal state and represents a basis for criticism of an interventionist state and its paternalistic role. The article consists of an introduction, four sections and a conclusion.  The introduction cites goals of the work and gives basic notes on Malthus's theory on population and its socio-historical context. Special consideration is paid on reasons that lead to desertion of his ideas with a special focus on changes within liberal ideology, that lead to dissociation from classical liberalism and a merging of liberalism with socialism.  The first part examines basic principles of Malthus's theory on population – primarily the idea that the population multiply faster than the food supply, and that population, when unchecked, increases in geometrical ratio, while subsistence increases only in arithmetical ratio. Afterwards, this Malthus's idea is linked to the status of the poor, and is concluded that the state intervention is useless, being that the troubles this part of the population faces are a consequence of their own actions. Therefore, the role of the state should not be care for the poor.  In the second part positive and preventive checks to population are examined. Preventive checks are further analyzed because Malthus gives them more importance.  The third, central part, is dedicated to Malthus's criticism of the Poor Laws and, within it, his opposition to the state's intervention is further analyzed. According to Malthus, laws that are passed in order to improve the status of the poor have an opposite effect. Even though their aim is to decrease poverty, they increase it. Their tendency is to lead to an increase in population, without the simultaneous increase in food resources that are needed to satisfy the needs of that number of people. The poor, when given an increase in wages, tend to marry more and form families with a larger number of children that they can't support themselves. In that way, they become more dependent on the state, and this leads to an increase in poverty.  The fourth part analyzes the misgivings of Malthus's theory, especially its negligence of technological advancement. And it is because of this omission that Malthus couldn't come to a different theory concerning population growth, rather than the one that he had formed.  Finally, after all the important elements of Malthus's theory on population are analyzed, the importance of his thought and a theory of minimal state are examined. Stated and defended is the stance that the theory of minimal state is not value-neutral, and that the only minimal state that can exist is a liberal minimal state, and therefore Thomas Robert Malthus belongs to that tradition within the liberal thought. Keywords: Thomas Robert Malthus; theory on population; minimal state; laissez-faire doctrine; classical liberalism Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 1-16 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 Month: August DOI: 10.2298/STNV1401001D File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/89 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/89/80 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:52:y:2014:i:1:id:89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan M. Marković Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of International Law, University of Graz, Graz (Austria) Title: Vesna Klajn-Tatić "Etical and Legal Position of Human Subjects in Biomedical Research and Clinical Trials" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Nema. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 77-79 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 Month: August DOI: 10.59954/stnv.231 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/231 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/231/215 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:52:y:2014:i:1:id:231 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goran Bašić Author-Workplace-Name: Centre for Politicological Research and Public Opinion, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: What Really Separates Us? Survey of Attitudes of Young People in the Cities of Kikinda (Vojvodina), Nis, Bor (South and East Serbia), and Pristina, Pec, Prizren (Kosovo) Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The results of the survey point to a high level of agreement among youth aged between 15 and 25 years of age, high school and college students, employed and unemployed youth, men and women in the cities of Pec, Pristina, Prizren in Kosovo, and Bor, Kikinda, and Nis in Serbia, on whether the question of mutual cooperation is burdened by prejudice and events from the past, and that the possibility and the quality of cooperation is influenced by the attitudes the receive in their primary social groups such as families and peers, and also by the attitudes they receive through education and media. At the same time, the possibilities to influence the social and political change aren’t big, and the youth have no desire to take the concrete civic or political initiatives. A certain perspective in cooperation the youth see in the European constellation and the good quality education. However, youth on both sides are not open to more intensive mutual meetings – the majority would not either host peers from the other communities gladly, nor they would respond to their invitation of hosting. They are not interested in cultural values of one another, but they do think respect of human rights should be guaranteed and they are ready for toleration of differences. The necessity of youth cooperation is important for overcoming the problems that citizens of Kosovo and Serbia are facing when it comes to exercising numerous rights, which from the perspective of individual freedoms collide with the concept of state reasons and "higher" interests. The regional stability depends on overcoming the issues that governments in Serbia and Kosovo have concerning Kosovo’s status, and also from setting a network of individual and group relations among the citizens. Youth should be the carriers of social and cultural changes. In the stated attitudes there is no direct objection to such processes, but fear of changes is clearly expressed because indirectly it can be concluded that there is no mutual "collective" trust, that the prejudice are strong, and that the existing educational, cultural and media systems are supporting them. Having determined a high level of mutual non-acceptance of youth and their approximately same attitudes on the impossibility to influence the decision making more strongly in their family, social, and political communities, but also their personal ambivalence toward civic and political activism, let us try to, solely based on their statements, decide on the basis of designing the programs necessary for overcoming the present state. One of the main initiators of the social change are the content citizens, which means a personal and social economic stability, acquiring human and civil rights, efficient protection by the courts, receiving good services from the public service, responsible civic society – a rule of law and a state of law. Much of the above listed in the region, and especially in the territories, in which the survey was conducted, is missing. To effectively and efficiently influence the stream of social and political flows toward the mentioned goals, young people should acquire a certain vertical social mobility and to influence the changes based on the positions they acquire in it. The key question is based on which values should their social and professional mobility be influenced. Keywords: Serbia; Kosovo; ethnic relations; prejudices; public policy Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 17-35 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 Month: August DOI: 10.2298/STNV1401017B File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/90 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/90/81 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:52:y:2014:i:1:id:90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milan M. Marković Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of International Law, University of Graz, Graz (Austria) Title: Marta Sjeničić "Patient as the Damaged Party in the Civil Law and Patient’s Negligence" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Nema. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 80-81 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 Month: August DOI: 10.59954/stnv.232 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/232 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/232/216 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:52:y:2014:i:1:id:232 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jelena Niškanović Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of Public Health of Republika Srpska, Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Title: Induced Abortion in the Republic of Srpska: Characteristics and Impact on Mental Health Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Induced abortion is an important aspect of sexual and reproductive health, with potentially negative impact on physical and emotional health of women. The aim of this paper is to investigate the presence of abortion in our society, characteristics of women who had induced abortion and its impact on mental health. The results presented in this paper are part of the bigger study "Health Status, Health Needs and Utilization of Health Services", which was carried out in Republic of Srpska during 2010. Survey covered 1042 women age from 18 to 49. A standardized set of instruments in the field of sexual-reproductive and mental health (NHS, EUROHIS, ECHIM) was applied. Results indicate that 28.8 % of women had induced abortion, while nearly half of them (48.2%) had more than one abortion in their life. Induced abortion is more common among women over 38 years who already have children (97.1%) and live in rural parts of country (61.7%). Abortion is mostly preferred method of birth control among married woman (88.6%), woman with secondary school (64.5%), but is equally present among employed or unemployed woman and housewife's (around 1/3). There was a statistically significant but low correlation between current life satisfaction, mental health and induced abortion (F=8.0, p=0.000; Wilks' lambda =0.97; partial Eta-squared=0.03). More precisely, women who have had abortions have expressed higher levels of stress, lower levels of vitality, and were less satisfied with present life compared to those who did not have an abortion. High rates of induced abortion are present in Balkans countries for a long time (Rašević, 1994: 86; Rašević, 2011: 3). Higher rates of abortion, compared to the European Union and western neighbors, raises the question of presence of "abortion culture" (Rasevic and Sedlecki, 2011: 4). Abortion culture is the conse-quence of frequent use of traditional method of contraception (coitus interruptus) in combination with low availability of counseling and family planning. Lot of scientific rigorous studies indicate a specific connection between abortion and mental health without supporting attitudes  which claim that abortion has a strong impact on mental health (Coleman, 2011: 183), as well as attitudes that deny any effect of abortion on mental health (APA, 2008). The results point the importance of promoting greater sexual-reproductive rights, free and responsible family planning and greater availability of contraceptives as safer methods of birth control. Keywords: induced abortion; reproductive health; mental health; conception Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 37-54 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 Month: August DOI: 10.2298/STNV1401037N File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/91 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/91/82 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:52:y:2014:i:1:id:91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dragana Paunović Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Birgit Glorius, Izabela Grabowska-Lusinska, Aimee Kuvik (eds.) "Mobility in Transition. Migration Patterns after EU Enlargement" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Nema. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 81-87 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 Month: August DOI: 10.59954/stnv.233 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/233 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/233/217 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:52:y:2014:i:1:id:233 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Biljana Stanković Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Lone Mothers and their Network Support: Sociodemographic Research of Nonmarital Parenthood in Serbia Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The aim of this paper is to identify and describe the difficulties faced by families with nonmarital children (especially single-parent), available help and support, participation of the father in raising a child, and expected institutional help. That represents a first step toward better understanding of these families. The paper presents part of the results of research carried out in Belgrade with the aim of insight into the phenomenon of nonmarital childbearing at the individual level. It was conducted on a sample of 100 respondents, mothers of nonmarital children, who attend preschool. The survey was anonymous, carried out by the interview method. For this purpose a questionnaire with more than 50 questions was made, standardized to a great extent. In this paper, the focus is on the hardships and needs of the group of lone mothers. Though some issues take into account the answers of all respondents (21 cohabited mothers and 79 lone mothers), the analysis is largely related to the experiences and reflections of lone mothers. The 2011 Census data on prevalence of consensual unions and characteristics of persons living in them, as well as earlier data on the acknowledgment of paternity, do not indicate that nonmarital childbearing in Serbia takes place primarily in stable unions. It is realistic to assume that a large percentage of mothers with nonmarital children are lone mothers. The research results are generally consistent with the findings of relevant studies from our and foreign countries. As the largest difficulties, lone mothers empha-size financial problems, unemployment, housing difficulties, and child care, as well as a pronounced feeling of loneliness. Most of them in solving problems and rising children rely on their parents and siblings, with whom they often live in the same household. Every fifth lone mother when faced with a major problem, and every ninth in everyday raising a child can count on the father of the child. About a third of the children have no contact with their father, and as many fathers do not make any financial contribution. Actually, insufficient presence and partici-pation of the father, in the lives of children and in daily performing parental responsibilities of their mothers, is one of the most important aspects that deserve the attention of researchers and policy-makers when it comes to lone mothers with unmarital children. The realization of children's rights in relation to financing and visitation the fathers after parental separation, is far more difficult than in divorced or widowed single-parent families. Some considerations about measures of state and local community support can be based on the selected research results presented in this paper. Support measures are possible in multiple domains, social policy (financial support and assistance in employment), institutions of preschool education, as well as in health, education, pre-school and social system counseling services. Greater involvement of men in family life and parenthood stands out as a very important objective, as well as motivation of fathers to involve in raising their nonresident children, including financial support. Three-quarters of the total number of respondents expect the state support to lone unmarried mothers. Three-quarters of lone mothers and one third of cohabited mothers expressed the need for state assistance in solving their own most important existential issues. Keywords: nonmarital childbearing; lone mothers; nonresident fathers; social support Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 55-76 Volume: 52 Issue: 1 Year: 2014 Month: August DOI: 10.2298/STNV1401055S File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/92 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/92/83 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:52:y:2014:i:1:id:92