Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goran Penev Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Author-Name: Biljana Stanković Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Characteristics of Extramarital Births in Serbia in the Second Half of the 20th and at the Beginning of the 21st Century Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Over the last five decades the share of extramarital births in the total number of live births has been increasing in all European countries. This is also true for Serbia (excluding Kosovo), where the share of extramarital births in the period of 1950-2009 increased by 3 times (from 8.0% to 23.2%), and their number increased by a fifth (from 13,141 to 16,294). Women under 25 years of age and over 40-49 years have a substantially higher share in extramarital births than in the total number of births. Almost every second extramarital child's mother is younger than 25, and changes in the period of 1961-2008 developed in the direction of a decreasing share of women under the age of 30, and especially under 25, as well as an increased share of women above 30. According to the latest data, more than a half of extramarital children are first, although their share is decreasing. At the same time, the percentage of births of second and especially of third and higher orders is increasing. The share of extramarital births is increasing with all women, regardless of their education level. The highest and constantly growing share of extramarital births is recorded with women without education and the lowest share with women with university education. According to activity, the most represented are unemployed and dependant women, who also have significantly higher shares of extramarital births than employed women. From an ethnic aspect, it is noticeable that the highest and constantly increasing share of extramarital births is present with ethnic Roma women, which reached over four fifths of the total number of children born by Roma women in 2008. Among the ethnic Serbian women the share of extramarital births is significantly below the average for Serbia. According to the type of settlements the share of extramarital births is lower in urban than in other (non-urban) settlements, and in the largest urban agglomerations, including Belgrade, it is even below the average for Serbia. Some significant regional differences can also be noted – the zone of the high share of extramarital fertility is in the east of Serbia, while the zone of lower and medium fertility is in the west of central part of Serbia. It is assumed that future dynamics in the area of extramarital births in Serbia will develop in a manner similar to that of the last several decades. It can be concluded that this is not a phenomenon related to adopting new values and norms, but primarily a continuation of already present tendencies in an environment with traditional moral norms. Keywords: extramarital births; Serbia; fertility age pattern; differential fertility Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 1-23 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 Month: November DOI: 10.2298/STNV1002001P File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/134 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/134/128 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:48:y:2010:i:2:id:134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jelena Stojilković Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Linda J. Waite (ed.) "Aging, Health and Public Policy. Demographic and Economic Perspectives" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Nema. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 93-100 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 Month: November DOI: 10.59954/stnv.244 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/244 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/244/229 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:48:y:2010:i:2:id:244 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirjana Morokvašić Author-Workplace-Name: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences sociales du Politique (ISP) – Université Paris Ouest Nanterre (France) Title: Feminization of Migrations? Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Women have always taken part in migrations, but their presence varied depending on their origins, on the labour market situation both in the areas of origin and in the target areas, as well as the migration policies in the immigration areas. Their presence was not always visible and did not attract as much scholarly and political attention as today. What happened, how can one explain such an interest lately, whereas only few years ago the subject was marginal, in the shadow of the "mainstream – malestream", i.e. migration as a phenomenon which focuses on geographic mobility of men, while women are not considered as equal protagonists, they either follow or remain at home. Could the so called "feminization" of migration explain the great and sudden interest for women and gender in migrations? This text critically examines the notion of "feminization" considered today as one of the main dimensions of global migration flows. Drawing on trends both globally and in specific countries, it shows that "feminization" is neither a new nor a sudden trend and entails variations depending on the origins, level of development and maturity of migration flows. In some groups men were primo-migrants and with a gradual feminization the flows reach a balanced sex ratio. There where women migrated first, or became numerically predominant, one observs the opposite trend: a "masculinization". Some authors rightly refer to "gender transition", the term which covers both trends. It is argued in the conclusion that the visibility and growing interest for women in migration and, more recently, for a gender perspective in migration, is not only due to the changing migration patterns and profile of migrants but also to the renewal of theoretical perspectives in migration and gender studies in a context that largely facilitated that renewal. The focus of our attention today on specific aspects of migration is triggered not only by genuine changes in migration trends, but it is also a result of a long process of visibilisation in the academic production on migration, women and gender. These trends may have existed earlier in the migration history but had remained in the shadow of categories defining, recording and analyzing migration. Keywords: women; migration; gender; feminization; gender transition Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 25-52 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 Month: November DOI: 10.2298/STNV1002025M File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/135 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/135/129 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:48:y:2010:i:2:id:135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dragana Paunović Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Miomira Kostić "The Elderly People Victimisation" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Nema. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 100-105 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 Month: November DOI: 10.59954/stnv.245 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/245 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/245/230 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:48:y:2010:i:2:id:245 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirko Savić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics in Subotica, University of Novi Sad, Subotica (Serbia) Author-Name: Svetlana Mihajlović Mihić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Law and Business Studies, Novi Sad (Serbia) Title: Variations on the European Labor Markets from Gender Point of View Publication-Status: Published Abstract: In modern societies gender gap attracts significant attention. Scientists are trying to research this issue from different aspects: demographical, sociological, economic, etc. The goal of this paper is to define the basic variables that explain variation on the labor markets in Europe from the gender point of view and to compare labor market in Serbia with European countries in order to identify the countries with the most similar gender performances, with intention to overview their experiences concerning the policy measures for gender gap reduction. Analysis is conducted through observations of activity rates, employment rates, unemployment rates, inactivity rates, and long-term unemployment rates. With use of factor analysis we have identified the main factors on the labor markets in Europe and on the basis of cluster analysis we have conducted grouping of countries on the basis of discovered factors. Identification of cluster with Serbia was conducted and also the place of the Serbian labor market in the same cluster. On the basis of quantitative results qualitative analysis was conducted to overview the experience in the field of gender differences on the labor market in the countries from the same cluster as Serbia, with special attention to Italy. Contemporary researches define labor market policy measures oriented to reduction of inequalities in the field of paid and unpaid labor. Decrease of these inequalities will consequently lead to the increase of female labor supply on the market. Final result of this research is the recommendation of policy measures in order to reduce gender differences in economic activity with final goal of creating modern society in Serbia and convergence with the most advanced countries in that field. Keywords: labor market; economic activity; gender gap; Europe; Serbia Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 53-74 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 Month: November DOI: 10.2298/STNV1002053S File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/136 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/136/130 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:48:y:2010:i:2:id:136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jelena Stojilković Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Baby Boom Generation at the Retirement Onset Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Sudden increase in the number of live births after the Second World War due to an increase in fertility rates has led to the formation of cohorts with specific characteristics or baby boom generation. This generation is unique in the history of the demographic phenomenon that has affected and affects the functioning of many segments of society. The aim of this paper is to assess structure of baby boomers who are few years away from retirement, using demographic data. Impact of baby boomer age structure of current and future retirees is described with a graphical display of current and projected age pyramid of baby boomers. Demographic pattern that women live longer than men is evident in the projected pyramid. In addition, the number of baby boomers will lead to a "younger" old population. The imbalance in the number of men and women pensioners, as well as older cohorts of women and female baby boomers was analysed. As a result, an increasing trend of women's age pensioners who are members of the baby boom generation was clearly observed, which is opposite to the older cohort of women who often were family pensioners. Different circumstances and conditions in which female boomers lived and worked will form a new "pension model" because they will gain their benefits as well as men, for the first time in significant number, unlike their mothers, which gained the right to retire after they become widows. Number of women age pensioners is getting greater compering to men, as the result of changes in the economic activities of women in the last half of the 20th century. When baby boomers retire and exit the working population, this will create a vacuum, because the numerically smaller generations will enter working population, while the sudden and very shortly, the number of population older than 60 or 65 will increase, most of them will likely to acquire the right to a pension. It is undeniable that baby boomers had impact on demographic structure, but also on society as a whole. They have been extremely important factor of development of our country during their working career, they are healthier then previous generation and many of them possess the knowledge and experience gained by the years, so rigid prediction of future changes that will produce the retirement of this generation has no excuses. Retired baby boom generation will perhaps lead to new, better way of life in old age. Keywords: baby boom generation; retirement; pensioners age structure; pensioners sex structure; projections; working age population Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 75-91 Volume: 48 Issue: 2 Year: 2010 Month: November DOI: 10.2298/STNV1002075S File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/137 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/137/131 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:48:y:2010:i:2:id:137