Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gordana Matković Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Liberal-Democratic Studies, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Overview of Poverty and Social Exclusion in the Western Balkans Publication-Status: Published Abstract: During the last 15 years the entire Western Balkan region has undergone dramatic changes. With the fall of the Berlin wall and the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia, new states were formed and transition started, although in some countries it was quite delayed. Simultaneously, during the nineties, much of the region experienced wars and destruction, waves of refugees, internal displacement of population, devastation of the economy, demolition of institutions and impoverishment of citizens. Absolute poverty, determined through the estimation of household consumption at which families, after paying for essential non-food expenditures just attain minimal nutritional needs, in almost all of the Western Balkans is still relatively high, and is not showing significant tendencies of decreasing. A large concentration of the population and households just above the poverty line additionally demonstrates the challenges faced by the entire region while undergoing the transition process. In some countries extreme poverty, meaning that not even basic food needs can be met, has been registered. On the other hand, relative poverty, defined as the share of those who are excluded from the minimum acceptable way of life in states in which they live, is not particularly high. Due to the relatively high standard of living in the past and high expectations of the population that living standards would increase in a relatively short period of time, the subjective perception of poverty in the entire region is very much present. Groups that stand out as especially vulnerable and excluded are the unemployed, dependents and the less educated. At the level of the household, in some countries households with many children and elderly households are particularly vulnerable. The poorest often live in the rural areas and in the underdeveloped regions. In addition, especially vulnerable groups, who cannot even be completely covered by standard surveys, but are poor and socially excluded by many indices are the Roma, refugees and IDPs and persons with disabilities. Concurrently undergoing transition, post conflict reconciliation and reconstruction and striving to pursue their European Union future, the Western Balkan countries face many challenges. One of the greatest challenges is to focus on programs and activities that will lead to equitable and sustained economic growth that will also benefit the vulnerable groups. Almost all Western Balkan countries, through their national plans and programs, have marked employment growth and job creation as the most important single mechanism for exiting poverty. The second priority may be an increase of education coverage and improving the quality of education, although reduction of poverty and social exclusion presupposes improvement in the areas of developing appropriate social safety nets, health care systems, securing adequate housing, participation in decision making and protection of human rights. Bearing in mind the commitment of the Western Balkan countries to meet the globally agreed goals manifested in the MDGs, their efforts to proceed with anti-poverty strategies and aspirations in terms of EU accession, it is of the utmost importance to explore the synergies between these agendas to ensure that the processes reinforce each other. Keywords: poverty; social exclusion; Western Balkans; vulnerable groups Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 7-46 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 Month: June DOI: 10.2298/STNV0601007M File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/172 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/172/159 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:44:y:2006:i:1:id:172 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirjana Rašević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Postponing of Childbearing in Europe Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 97-101 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 Month: June DOI: 10.59954/stnv.281 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/281 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/281/255 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:44:y:2006:i:1:id:281 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivan Marinković Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Tomas Frejka, Jean-Paul Sardon "Childbearing Trends and Prospects in Low-Fertility Countries: A Cohort Analysis" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 107-111 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 Month: June DOI: 10.59954/stnv.283 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/283 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/283/257 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:44:y:2006:i:1:id:283 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zlatko Isaković Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for International Politics and Economy, Belgrade Title: Population and Territory As Elements of Political Power in International Relations Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This paper deals with population and territory as elements of political power of international relations actors. The first part is devoted to the population, i.e. its quantitative (number of people) and qualitative characteristics, i.e. structure, etc. The second part of the paper deals with basic characteristic of the territory (its size, quality, and geographical position). The quality is determined primarily according to economic values of the area. Geographic position depends of neighbours and borders. In the concluding part of the paper it is stressed that mutual comparison between area and number of population is relatively easy, while comparison becomes much harder when one takes into account the qualitative characteristics of the both elements of political power. The relation between population and territory is in the fact that people need room, i.e. space for their living. People are those who in wars and negotiations and other peaceful ways determine quantities and qualities of territories of their states. There is the open question of a price (human lives, health, living standards, etc.) worth to be paid for a territory if it is perceived by political decision makers as the national or similar interest. People are those who by their ideas, work and behaviour in general directly influence number of population members and utilise and perceive space in certain ways. People are subjective factors of political power in general. First action of the modern specialised and global information-telecommunication technology is in the changed comprehending of categories of space and time. Communications are one of important preconditions and conditions of social integration and capability for survival in general of people on certain territory. The Earth became much smaller, linked and perceived by majority of its population as the universal, whole and only domicile and shelter. During the 20th century communication deterritorialization appeared and one could predict that this development will be continued in this century. People will become more and more nomads, and their ideas and goods will move more and more quickly and in greater numbers. The link between population and territory will be weakened, and state territories will be less and less relevant. However, human life will not loose its spatiality. People will remain the subjective element of international and other relations, and cloning – if becomes mass phenomenon – will begin to represent, beside others things, negation of people’s individuality and, in this way, their subjectivity. Keywords: population; teritory; political power; international affairs Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 47-79 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 Month: June DOI: 10.2298/STNV0601047I File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/176 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/176/164 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:44:y:2006:i:1:id:176 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Biljana Stanković Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: VII National Gerontology Congress "Quality of Life of Elderly – Chalanges of XXI Century" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 101-105 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 Month: June DOI: 10.59954/stnv.282 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/282 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/282/256 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:44:y:2006:i:1:id:282 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vladimir Bralović Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Dominique Tabutin, Bruno Schoumaker "La démographie du monde arabe et du Moyen-Orient des années 1950 aux années 2000", Population – édition française "The Demography of the Arab World and the Middle East from the 1950s to the 2000s", Population – Franch Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 112-116 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 Month: June DOI: 10.59954/stnv.284 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/284 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/284/258 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:44:y:2006:i:1:id:284 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirjana Rašević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Author-Name: Goran Penev Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: The Demographic Picture of Belgrade at the Beginning of the 21st Century Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The central part of this paper is devoted to establishing the demographic picture of the City of Belgrade at the beginning of the 21st century. The authors discuss the number of inhabitants and the components of demographic growth through natural increase (fertility and mortality) on the one hand and net migration on the other. Special attention was paid to the problem of refugees (the number and spacial distribution of refugees). Age and sex structure, the structure by marital status, as well as educational, and economic structures were analyzed. Current ethnic structure, as well as the changes in this structure since the early 1990s, were also presented. The analysis of the demographic picture has made it possible, first of all, to show the implications for the future of the established population trends, and second of all, to single out the basic demographic problems that need to be addressed strategically by the City of Belgrade and by the State. Keywords: population growth; population structure; population policy; Belgrade Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 81-96 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 Month: June DOI: 10.2298/STNV0601081R File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/177 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/177/165 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:44:y:2006:i:1:id:177 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Gavrilović Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Philosophy in Banja Luka, Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Title: Evolution of Population Politics in Serbia 1945-2004 Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 117-122 Volume: 44 Issue: 1 Year: 2006 Month: June DOI: 10.59954/stnv.285 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/285 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:44:y:2006:i:1:id:285