Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirjana Rašević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Fertility Trends in Serbia during the 1990s Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The 1990s represent an exceptionally complex period for the population of Serbia. In addition to the impact of long‑term factors, various tumultuous events affected its demographic development, such as breaking apart of former Yugoslavia, armed conflicts in the neighboring countries, sanctions imposed by the international community, social changes (transition, transformation or regression), deep economic crisis, collapse of social stratification, political problems, institutional crisis, and NATO military intervention. Maladaptation to the changed system of values and norms, lower level of personal attainment, feeling of insecurity, and living under permanent stress are the main features of life at an individual, psychological level. Deprivation or living at the subsistence level are the main elements of the economic cost sustained by the majority of the population. How have these changes affected an individual's decision to have children? The analysis of futility indicators points to an obvious decline in the number of births across low fertility regions of Serbia. Also, the analysis has raised the question why the decline in population fertility in the low fertility regions was not even higher, bearing in mind the experiences undergone by the countries with economy in transition as well as the depth of the crisis in society. In that sense several factors come to mind. The most important are the universality of marriage, socio-psychological investigations confirmed domination of the traditional character or mentality in Serbia during the 1990s, and the government’s approach to the issue of fertility improved during this time. Besides, demographic needs were carefully taken into account in all amendments to the old and formulation of the new measures in the area of social policy. Mention should be made of measures ensuring employment rights of women and their entitlement to maternity leave, maternity pay, and provision of institutionalized care for the children. On the other hand, under‑reporting of live births, lack of knowledge on the size and characteristics of emigration flows limited the analysis of population fertility in Kosovo and Metohia. But, registered data as well as survey results show to the perseverance of the fertility model of transitional type displaying obvious traditional elements. Keywords: fertility; Serbia Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 7-27 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2004 Month: December DOI: 10.2298/STNV0404007R File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/183 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/183/171 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:42:y:2004:i:1-4:id:183 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Biljana Stanković Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Policy of the Government of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: National plan of action for children Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 127-131 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2004 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.294 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/294 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/294/268 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:42:y:2004:i:1-4:id:294 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ankica Kuburović Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Bojana Miljković-Katić "Urban Population Structure of Serbia in the Middle of XIX Century" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 141-144 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2004 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.298 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/298 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/298/271 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:42:y:2004:i:1-4:id:298 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goran Penev Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Components of population change in Serbia (without Kosovo and Metohia), 1991–2002 Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 157-183 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2004 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.332 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/332 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/332/306 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:42:y:2004:i:1-4:id:332 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Redakcija Stanovništva Title: Multilingual demographic glossary Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 189-198 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2004 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.338 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/338 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/338/311 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:42:y:2004:i:1-4:id:338 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Branislav S. Đurđev Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences - Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Novi Sad (Serbia) Title: How Many Children Does Serbia Need? Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The work is an attempt to determine basic quantities for introducing a family planning program which will be aiming at a replacement level. In order to do that census year 2002 was taken as an example for calculation. Total fertility rate of 2.1 children per woman was considered as necessary level, and that means Serbia needs 105.000 newborns each year. In accordance with that level a set of five age specific fertility rates (ASFR) were established in order to find appropriate model of reproductive behavior for Serbia. The sets are established in the following manner: multiplying ASFR by quotient between necessary and real number of newborns, by the data from the last year when fertility was large enough to provide for replacement level (with mortality level from 2002), by linear interpolation between two ASFR models, and by Brass fertility polynomial. All five different models of age specific fertility rates suggest that there is no ideal distribution of ASFR. Also, parity progression from zero to first, from first to second, and from second to third child is determined. The main reason for below replacement level in Serbia is small parity progression from second to third child. So, rearing the third child should be the most stimulated in every family planning program, as long as every second women have them by the end of her reproductive life span. Keywords: replacement; fertility; fertility rates; parity progression; Serbia Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 29-44 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2004 Month: December DOI: 10.2298/STNV0404029D File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/184 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/184/172 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:42:y:2004:i:1-4:id:184 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirjana Rašević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: European Population Forum 2004: "Population Changes and Policy Responses" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 132-134 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2004 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.296 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/296 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/296/269 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:42:y:2004:i:1-4:id:296 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jelena Predojević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Aleksandra Vuletić "Family in Serbia in the Middle of XIX Century" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 145-149 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2004 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.299 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/299 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/299/272 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:42:y:2004:i:1-4:id:299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goran Penev Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Population of Montenegro by ethnic affiliation, 1991 and 2003 Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 184-187 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2004 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.333 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/333 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/333/305 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:42:y:2004:i:1-4:id:333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirjana Devedžić Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Development of Reprogenetics and Its Demographic Aspects Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The development of reprogenetics during the last two decades of the XX century has brought a new age of reproduction. The paper surves different types of reprogenetics in a wider sense, i.e. different assisted reproductive technologies (ART) that include manipulation of female reproductive cell out of a woman's womb. Development of reprogenetics is documented by available quantitative indicators of the number and success of ART procedures in developed countries at the beginning of the XXI century. Since 1978, when the first baby was born from in vitro fertilization, the number of children born that way has reached 1% of all children, and in some countries even over 3%. Moreover, existing documentation is incomplete and does not include all forms of assisted reproduction – in reality, the importance of assisted reproduction is even higher and becomes demographically significant. Hence the paper indicates existing and potential effects of the ART development on the demographic development, i.e. on specific demographic aspects of this phenomenon. It also points out the effects on the level of fertility, on the changes of direct fertility determinants, and on the levels of mortinatality and infant mortality, as well as a new understanding of birth control, the possibility of affecting biological structures, and the changes of the fundaments of marriage and family. Development perspectives of reprogenetics are also being raised in the context of bioethical discussions and indicate ethical dilemmas related to assisted reproduction. Solutions to the dilemmas define the scope of applying new reproductive technologies in the future. Keywords: reprogenetics; assisted reproductive technology; demography; bioethics Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 45-65 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2004 Month: December DOI: 10.2298/STNV0404045D File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/185 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/185/173 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:42:y:2004:i:1-4:id:185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Radoslav Stevanović Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Seminar for population education of municipal committees and coordinators for population policy in AP Vojvodina Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 135-140 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2004 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.297 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/297 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/297/270 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:42:y:2004:i:1-4:id:297 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ankica Kuburović Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Suzan Gal and Gail Kligman (editors) "Reproducing Gender − Politics, Publics and Everyday Life After Socialism" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 149-156 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2004 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.300 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/300 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/300/273 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:42:y:2004:i:1-4:id:300 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Biljana Stanković Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Policy of the Government of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Psycho-social Picture of Sexually Active Adolescent Girls. Results of Research Survey Publication-Status: Published Abstract: In a demographic sense, adolescents are a population group which is yet to take part in birth giving. Therefore, their sexual behavior and especially sexual activity at early ages which is not only unfavorable from the aspect of the individual, meaning risk for psycho-physical health, but from the aspect of society as well, as regards population fertility, deserves special attention. This paper shows the results of in-depth research carried out in Belgrade from September 2001 to October 2002 with an aim to establish which factors determine a young person, of sixteen years old or younger, to become sexually active. It was carried out on a sample of 111 adolescent girls between 14 and 20 years old which turned to the Republic Family Planning Center Youth Counseling Clinic of the Institute for Mother and Child Health Care of Serbia. The research showed that sexual experience, realized at an early age was an integral part of development and maturing for the largest number of surveyed girls. In the largest number of cases it was a positive experience, induced by love and experienced with a partner, mainly of the same age, with which they were in a longer, stable relationship. Nevertheless, it could be concluded from the results obtained by the research that the surveyed girls could have more easily and efficiently solved their problems and dilemmas regarding sexuality had they had the possibility to obtain a better insight into their personal feelings and feelings of others at the right time, as well as developed social experience and experience in mastering control of their impulses. With a certain number of surveyed girls that would have meant a delay in their sexual activities to a later age. This also refers to the prevention of other risky behavior, such as use of alcohol and drugs, which also have an influence on changing sexual behavior, making it more risky. It is important to stress that the surveyed adolescent girls themselves recognized the necessity for support in this delicate field of life as well. The psycho-social profile of surveyed sexually active adolescent girls indicates that they do not belong under any circumstances to some marginal group. Therefore it can be concluded on the basis of the results obtained on this selected sample that an even greater necessity exists in the young population, and a possibility as well for better preparation and greater insight into questions from the sphere of sexuality. With a certain number of young girls this could lead to a certain delay in the commencement of sexual activities. Nonetheless, with a basic prerequisite of educational work on maintaining and promoting reproductive health of the young, which understands acquiring knowledge and skill, youth sexuality is above all, being accepted. Love takes up a significant place in the value system of our surveyed girls, as well as sex, which is mainly conceived as a constituent part of love, leading to a greater closeness with the partner and contributes to maturing and development of an individual. There is no reason to believe that it is otherwise in the population of the young people. Keywords: reproductive health; adolescents; Belgrade Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 67-92 Volume: 42 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2004 Month: December DOI: 10.2298/STNV0404067S File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/186 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/186/174 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:42:y:2004:i:1-4:id:186 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Biljana Radivojević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Author-Name: Vukica Veljanović-Morača Author-Workplace-Name: First economical school, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Importance of Bio-Medical and Socio-Economic Factors for Increase of Life Expectancy Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This paper analyzes the connection between life expectancy according to sex and numerous factors on which its level depends on. Statistical analysis understood application of correlation and regression analysis for determining the connection strength of life expectancy and researched factors separately, and then all factors together, as well as separately groups of health-medical and socio-economic factors. The analysis was carried out for a group of developed countries, medium developed, mixed group and Yugoslavia (now SCG) on available data for the second half of the 20th century. Analysis results for Yugoslavia showed that the greatest influence on life expectancy of all factors together were setting aside funds for social security (p<0.05). If only health-medical factors are observed, then child mortality up to 5 years and tumor mortality are in question. With women, the greatest influence is with child mortality up to five years old among all factors (