Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Gordana Vojković
Author-Workplace-Name: Geographical Institute "Jovan Cvijic" SASA, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: Population as an Element of Regionalization of Serbia
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: Regionalization is an exceptionally complex and contradictory matter, and at the same time becoming very challenging in the last few years in conditions of accelerated changes in the world. It is believed that regionalization today is an unavoidable strategic action of directing development processes on a territory. One of the aims of regionalization is to bring economic, demographic and social development processes into accord. Discordance of demographic transition courses with economic development caused prominent changes and complex development problems on the territory of Serbia, which indicate that appropriate attention should be devoted to demographic occurrences and processes in the approach to its regionalization.
 Proceeding from this fact, the goal of this paper was to identify the problems of regional differentiation of geoterritory and determine the place and role of demographic regionalization in the procedure of scientific knowledge, territory differentiation and organization of geoterritory; to set the general definition of regionalism from the demographic aspect, in the sense of theoretical concept based on empirical research, so as to obtain a scientific framework for research and functional approach to recognizing contemporary problems of development and organizing population; to decide on principles and elements, and point out to the content, purpose and goals of identifying demo geographic regions, in a way which would be adequate for planning regional development and organizing geoterritories. Such a set research goal required that the total problem of demo geographic regionalization is set on a wider theoretical, but analytical context, which is defined by mutual dependence of demo geographic with other regional systems, as well as with global questions of regionalism and integration ways.
 Demo geographic regionalization is carried out on the basis of numerous research findings and corresponding empirical results, with an idea that it serves as a basis for macro regionalization, general geographic or administrative-management regionali-zation, as a "foundation" for territory planning or development policy. Global and specific perception of numerous relevant components of regionalization had been carried out, with a favorable circumstance and significant basis being the following research up to now: "Outline of constant regions for demographic research" and the study of the Geographic Institute "Demographic bases for regionalization of Serbia". Unlike demographic regionalizations, this paper insisted on demo geographic as a more complex approach, and a concrete contribution of this paper refers to defining basic principles and elements of regionalization whereby in the process of delimiting regions, numerous geographic, natural geographic, anthrop geographic, territory-economical and territory functional relations and connections, occurrences and processes were articulated apart from demographic.
 Although not shown in the paper, regionalization of various demographic, territorial-demographic and demo economic traits were carried out for the purpose of research, which were to show to what extent, in what direction, according to which principles and in what way it is possible to carry out demographic regionalization in Serbia. It should be noted that most research on the topic of demographic regionalization indicate that the importance of certain elements of regionalization is variable and that is dependent on the regional level, and that the population change during demographic transition imposes a necessity for introducing new indicators and elements of regionalization. Having in mind all the stated elements, territorial-functional relations, realized territorial-demographic structure of Serbia and tendencies of demographic courses, as well as territorial plan of isolated macro regional centers, confirming the homogeneity of demographic development of various regions, but also researching migration flows under the influence of push and pull factors during the process of industrialization, urbanization and land reclamation, the only possible demo geographic regionalization of Serbia was presented. The isolated regions are homogeneous in the sense of functional interdependence, because each represents a region which is territorially-functionally connected to a regional center; and heterogeneous of structure, because each region represents a symbiosis of urban, rural and transitional type of structure, which are a result of differentiation of development and demographic processes, and which imply a corresponding demographic development, dynamics and composition of population.
 The goal of this paper was to give theoretical-methodological frameworks and a broader basis for integration of certain territorial units into unique demo geographic regions of Serbia, which would still be in the function of complex regional research and regional planning. Anything more than that (especially from the aspect of micro or macro regionalization) would require a team work of a larger number of experts, an extensive statistical-analytical and research project, as well as sound knowledge of various local conditions, historical-geographic and civilization events which often require deviation from consistent application of formulated criteria and measures for regionalization. This means that the given proposals should be understood as a principled scheme, a general framework of the demo geographic regionalization of Serbia on the basis of interdependence of natural and economic wholes, their geographic-transportation and economic-gravitational connection, development processes and demographic courses. Every concrete requirement in future practice of planning or organization of geo-territory would require defining goals and principles of regionalization as well.
Keywords: regionalization; demo-geographic regionalization; population; Serbia
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 7-42
Volume: 41
Issue: 1-4
Year: 2003
Month: February
DOI: 10.2298/STNV0304007V
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/189
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/189/177
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:41:y:2003:i:1-4:id:189

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mirjana Rašević
Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: European Population Conference "Challenges and Opportunities"
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: No abstract.
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 161-163
Volume: 41
Issue: 1-4
Year: 2003
Month: February
DOI: 10.59954/stnv.301
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/301
File-Function: Abstract page
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/301/274
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:41:y:2003:i:1-4:id:301

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ankica Kuburović
Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: Jelena Predojević "On Fertility of Kosovo and Metohija's Population"
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: No abstract.
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 167-170
Volume: 41
Issue: 1-4
Year: 2003
Month: February
DOI: 10.59954/stnv.303
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/303
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/303/276
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:41:y:2003:i:1-4:id:303

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Ankica Kuburović
Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: Student standpoints relevant for future reproductive behavior
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: This paper deals with the various standpoints of students on their motivation for parenthood, planning and deciding on birth giving, influence between marriage and parenthood, parent role complexity and responsibility, on the knowledge of effect and consequences of the problem of insufficient birth giving, with an aim of getting to know the main characteristics of their possible reproductive behavior. The analyzed standpoints are part of a more comprehensive and inclusive research, carried out on a sample of 1494 surveyed persons (1000 secondary-school pupils and 494 students) in four biggest regional centers – Belgrade, Novi Sad, Kragujevac and Niš. The orientation only to student’s standpoints had an aim to more completely analyze the already abundant empirical material, which is acceptable due to the fact that students are closer to beginning of birth giving according to their age-situation characteristic.
 The willingness and desire of the students to become parents is significant, but this is only one of their varied life aspirations (importance of partnership, professional engagement…). The intention is to bring into accordance the realization of the most important roles, which actually indicates to a fairly uniform importance in satisfying the basic individual needs. Apart from that, the need for parenthood is dominantly emotional and altruistic, which can be satisfied by having only one child. Possible reproductive norms – which are directed to having two children, whereby they are higher than the current fertility rates, but also somewhat lower normatively determined expectations in relation to the desired number of children, as well as a significant orientation towards marriage and parenthood and the existence of the knowledge on the problem of the impossibility of simple reproduction and conscience of social need for population reproduction – represent a gap for realization of measures for motivating birth giving and parenthood rehabilitation.
 The possible reproduction model is not significantly determined by gender, because the noted differentiation in frequency of certain standpoints does not indicate to formation of "female" and "male" reproductive models. On the other hand, possible qualitative changes in relations between partners are noted which are manifested in more uniform engagement in birth control and decision making, as well as a more uniform representation of motherhood and fatherhood in realizing the basic needs of the child.
Keywords: fertility; parenthood; students
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 43-64
Volume: 41
Issue: 1-4
Year: 2003
Month: February
DOI: 10.2298/STNV0304043K
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/190
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/190/178
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:41:y:2003:i:1-4:id:190

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Biljana Stanković
Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Social Affairs of the Government of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: "Regional Development and Demographic Trends of the Balkan Countries"
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: No abstract.
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 164-165
Volume: 41
Issue: 1-4
Year: 2003
Month: February
DOI: 10.59954/stnv.302
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/302
File-Function: Abstract page
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/302/275
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:41:y:2003:i:1-4:id:302

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Miloš Banićević
Author-Workplace-Name: Republic Center for Family Planning, Institute for Health Care of Mother and Child "Dr. Vukan Čupić", Novi Beograd (Serbia)
Title: Mirjana Rašević "Fertility and Reproductive Health of the Population of the Republic of Montenegro"
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: No abstract.
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 170-174
Volume: 41
Issue: 1-4
Year: 2003
Month: February
DOI: 10.59954/stnv.304
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/304
File-Function: Abstract page
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/304/277
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:41:y:2003:i:1-4:id:304

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mirjana Bobić
Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: Reorganization of Marriage, Relationships and Family in Contemporary Society
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: This paper describes contemporary changes in marriage, relationships and family in European populations, and then their evolution from the last decade of the twentieth century till present day, as well as various forms and types, in which plurality of contemporary partnership unions is revealed. The other goal of this supplement was to provide a wider theoretical-hypothetical, explanatory framework for understand-ing what is happening in population (on appearance level) but now in the context of contemporary societies. Three variables are introduced: macro (paradigm of modernization, namely social, i.e structural and cultural changes), micro (paradigm: resources-limitations-behavior) and mezzo (differences in social and demographic development of countries of North, Western, South and Central and Eastern Europe (former socialistic countries in transition).
 Cautious predictions on what could be expected in future concerning: empirical documented differences of living arrangements of European populations of the West, but also of the East, as well as relative demographic consequences. On the macro level (paradigm structure/culture) the responses depend on the rate the two main social processes will develop: 1) development of "European society", and 2) the birth of "world" (global) society. Most of the authors conclude on the convergence of social and demographic development on the territory of Western, but not Eastern Europe (and especially the Balkans). This conclusion concerns even the countries of the South European region, considering that it is uncertain in which direction and speed will their integration into the European Union develop.
 With regards to the trend of decreasing fertility, a continuance of existing secular tendencies may be expected in future as well, even on the whole European territory, and that it will be supported by social changes of (post) modernization, individualization and rational behavior, so that it will become a general model. For now it is evident that convergence of social and demographic development may be demonstrated on the territory of Western but not Eastern Europe as well (and especially of the Balkans). The later is also valid when the Southern European region is in question, considering that it is uncertain in which direction and at what speed will their integration into the European Union develop.
 With regards to the trend of decreasing fertility, a continuance of tendencies may be expected in future as well, on the whole European territory, and that it will be supported by social changes of (post) modernization, individualization and rational behavior, so that in most cases parents will satisfy their needs with only one child. On the contrary, family forms and life styles will probably reflect differences between countries of the North and Western Europe in future as well on the one hand, and Southern on the other hand, and Central and Eastern Europe (former socialistic countries) on the third hand.
 Readiness for marriage, partnership styles, as well as aspirations to forming families will depend on individual decisions, which will result from personal resources and limiting factors (macro, mezzo and micro). On the aggregate level of population, the result will be polarization between non-family and family households. Social conditions of foregoing modernization (increase of risks, job uncertainty, country prosperity crisis) as well as globalization will probably contribute to increasing the polarization process. The same conclusion may be derived for the group of former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (and the Balkans) as well, whose key problem now is finishing the process of transformation towards market economy.
Keywords: marriage; partnership; family; contemporary society; women
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 65-91
Volume: 41
Issue: 1-4
Year: 2003
Month: February
DOI: 10.2298/STNV0304065B
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/191
File-Function: Abstract page
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/191/179
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:41:y:2003:i:1-4:id:191

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Biljana Stanković
Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry of Social Affairs of the Government of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: Ana Gavrilović "Pre-school Institutions in Serbia 1843-2000"
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: No abstract.
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 175-177
Volume: 41
Issue: 1-4
Year: 2003
Month: February
DOI: 10.59954/stnv.305
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/305
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/305/278
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:41:y:2003:i:1-4:id:305

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Goran Penev
Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: Mortality Trends in Serbia During the 1990s
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: Troubled historical events from the 1990s considerably influenced the latest demographic trends in Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohija). In the domain of mortality, these trends were reflected through the manifestation of many unfavorable changes. Such mortality changes in Serbia were relatively short-lived and considerably less pronounced than in most countries in transition, especially in comparison to some former Soviet republics. Taking into consideration the scale and duration of the general social crisis in Serbia, we could evaluate these aggravations as moderate. On the other hand, improvements of mortality trends that arose during the 1990s were considerably less pronounced than in other European countries, especially in comparison to improvements that were realized in some other countries in the second half of the 1990s.
 During the 1990s, the annual number of deaths as well as the crude death rates continued increasing. The crude death rate of 13.8 per 1000 in the year 2000 represents the maximum in the last 50 years. Consequently, at the end of the 20th century, Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohija) is above the European average according to crude mortality rates, and observed by countries, higher rates were registered only in a few former socialist countries.
 During the 1990s, significant changes in age-specific mortality rates were not realized. The relatively greatest decrease was in infant mortality rate (from 21.8 in 1991 to 11.7 per 1000 in 2001). Despite the unexpectedly favorable trends, Serbia is considerably behind many other European countries in which the infant mortality rate is reduced to a very low level (under 5 per 1000 live births).
 As for 1991 and 1992, and partly for 1993, a rapid increase of younger adult population deaths was noted. Such trends, though, did not cause considerable changes either in the total number of deaths or in the life expectancy.
 The mortality of older adult population (40-59) at the end of the observed decade is almost identical to the one at the beginning of the 1990s. The same trend was present in the old population (60 and over), although the mortality level of the elderly population decreased slowly (75-84) or stagnated (85+). Such a mortality trend of the old has been present in Serbia since the 1970s, which is opposed to the changes in many developed countries in which very significant results in lowering old-age mortality were achieved in the last decades.
 The mortality of the female population is lower in Serbia as well and the recent changes were mainly directed towards decreasing sex differences. The changes were considerably more favorable with the male population than with the female, especially when it comes to the older adult and old populations. Such trends represent a turnover in relation to the 1980s.
 In the year 2001 in Serbia, the life expectancy at birth for the male population was 69.7 years, and for the female population 75.1 years. In relation to 1991 the expectation of life at birth has been prolonged for both sexes (1.15 years for the men and 0.38 years for the women). Compared with the European average, the life expectancy in Serbia is 2.6 years lower for males and 5.3 years lower for females. Since the extended life expectancy from the nineties was considerably under the European average, the rank of Serbia on the European LE list was lowered. This primarily refers to the male population, while with as regards to the female population, Serbia is still in the group of 10 European countries with the shortest life expectancy at birth.
 No significant changes were noted in Serbia with as regards to deaths by cause. At the end of the observed period (1999-2001) the cause of death for over half of the deceased (56.1%) were the diseases of the circulatory system. In the same three-year period, neoplasm represented the cause of death for nearly every sixth person (17.6%). Similar percentages were recorded at the beginning of the period (1990-1992) as well.
 The next on the list of major causes of death were violent deaths, but their number was considerably lower (4.3%). Despite the armed NATO intervention lasting several months in 1999, the percentage of  violent deaths remained at a low level, not only in relation to the beginning of the period (5.8%), but also in relation to the European average, and especially in relation to some former Soviet republics. The percentage of infectious and parasitic diseases was also very low (0.5%). This means that the worsening of conditions that influence the general epidemiological situation did not cause a considerable increase of deaths from this group of diseases, and also that the number of the infected and the number of deaths due to AIDS are low in Serbia.
 At the end of the twentieth century, the so-called symptoms and ill-defined conditions still represented a relatively large percentage (8.4%) of deaths by cause. It is, in relation to the state at the beginning of the period (6.2%), even increased, and considerably higher than in the most developed countries (about 1%). This points to the unsatisfactory quality of data on mortality, but also to the need to use the results of the analysis of mortality according to deaths by cause with caution.
Keywords: mortality; life expectancy; mortality by age and sex; deaths by cause; Serbia
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 93-130
Volume: 41
Issue: 1-4
Year: 2003
Month: February
DOI: 10.2298/STNV0304093P
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/192
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/192/181
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:41:y:2003:i:1-4:id:192

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Mirjana Morokvašić
Author-Workplace-Name: University of Paris X, Paris (France)
Title: Migrations in Europe: Fears due to the Enlargement of the EU to the East
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: The European Union is confronted with the biggest enlargement in its history: ten states, among them eight middle European – the so called "buffer zone" in the new European migration landscape – will become members in 2004. Other candidates hope to join in the coming years. For all Eastern and Eastern European countries, including those that are not candidates, the end of the bi-polar world meant a hope of "return to Europe".
 When shifting its borders to the East, the European Union both includes and excludes. The final objective to achieve Europe as "a space of freedom, security and justice", is conditioned by the capacity and necessity to control the migratory flows. The prospect of free circulation for the citizens of the new Union members entails also fears: the EU countries are afraid of the consequences the enlargement would have on migratory flows from the countries of the Central and Eastern Europe and which transit through that area. The perception of migrants as a threat inspired the conditions that the Union imposed on the candidate countries concerning migration policy issues and which mostly focus on the protection of its Eastern borders.
 For the future Union members however, protecting of the thousand of kilometers of their Eastern border, implies a number of quite different problems. These countries are afraid of the impact the restrictive measures they are obliged to implement would have both on many economic and family ties which have been maintained since the socialist period and on more recently engaged cooperation with the neighbours which are not candidatdes.
 The challenge of enlargement is different therefore for the EU members, for the candidate countries and for those who are for the moment excluded from the process. The fears do not seem to be always grounded. Thus, the impact of enlargement which, it was feared, could have been so destabilizing for the Union because of potentially large migtration flows, is more likely to be destabilizing for the new candidate countries, especially concerning their relations with their neighbours excluded from the enlargement process.
Keywords: migration; migration policy; enlargement of the European Union
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 131-145
Volume: 41
Issue: 1-4
Year: 2003
Month: February
DOI: 10.2298/STNV0304131M
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/193
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File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/193/182
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:41:y:2003:i:1-4:id:193

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Slavica Komatina
Author-Workplace-Name: Institute for Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade (Serbia)
Title: Dominant Perceptions on the Age
Publication-Status: Published
Abstract: Contemporary developed society, despite the fact that it is constantly and intensively ageing, is characterized by deeply rooted numerous negative stereotypes on old people and old age as a life period.
 The study of dominant perceptions on the age of Belgrade population takes not only the universal character of negative connotation of old age into consideration, but also the concrete unfavorable social context.
 The delicate problematic of stereotypes on old age and old people has been analyzed mostly indirectly, through questions on the beginning of old age, advantages and difficulties which we experience during ageing, the first subjective conscious encounter with one’s own ageing, the concept of ideal old age, changes in the persons traits and directly through questions on dominant negative perceptions which prevail on old people in our surrounding.
 Ageing in the Belgrade milieu is most commonly identified with illness and with the decline of physical potentials, and at the same time a number of other negative qualifications of old age as well. Research results indicate to a pronounced ambivalent standpoint towards ageing, to different observation of one’s own to old age of other people, to different consideration of old age among the sexes and to obvious aversion towards old people. This is expected, taking into consideration that living and ageing are developing nowadays under aggressive influence of contemporary mass culture which affirms youth, beauty, physical strength, health as dominant values, namely everything that is contrary to ageing and old age. On the other hand, our society is today confronted with, as well as in the near past, exceptional political, economic and cultural difficulties which cause specific problems with various age groups, as well as the lowering of the level of mutual endurance and tolerance. The atmosphere of straining the old people and emergence of new antagonisms causes the intensification of misunderstandings and distancing among generations as well and creates a favorable climate for maintaining different prejudices, even those towards ageing.
 While prejudices are by themselves a universal social-psychological category, prejudices on old age differ from the rest by one special and very significant characteristic – some primal fears are subconsciously hidden and some basic questions on the meaning of human existence are held back, so negative connotation of old age is precisely collective running away from these problems.
Keywords: prejudices; stereotypes; old people; Belgrade population
Journal: Stanovnistvo
Pages: 147-160
Volume: 41
Issue: 1-4
Year: 2003
Month: February
DOI: 10.2298/STNV0304147K
File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/194
File-Function: Abstract page
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Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:41:y:2003:i:1-4:id:194