Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirjana Rašević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Voluntary Sterilization in Serbia: Unmet Need? Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Is voluntary sterilization as a birth control method accepted in Serbia? This is certainly a question that is being imposed for research, regardless of the fact that voluntary sterilization is neither accessible nor promoted. Most importantly because there is no understanding in the social nor political sphere for legalization of voluntary sterilization as a form of birth control, apart from the clear necessity for this, first, step. They are: the recognition that voluntary sterilization is an efficient and safe birth control method, respectability of basic human as well as sexual and reproductive rights, spreading of sterilization as a form of birth control among population of both developed and developing countries and an epidemic diffusion of repeated induced abortions in Serbia. Thus individual recognition of the advantages of relying on voluntary sterilization, in a non-encouraging atmosphere, certainly represents one more argument to enable couples to prevent conception by sterilization. Since it was impossible to carry out a representative research among the population of men and women who are at risk for conception, an attempt was made to obtain a reply to the set question among women who decided to induce abortion. It was done out of at least two reasons. The first being that women with induced abortion in their reproductive history were the target group for voluntary sterilization. The second reason was based on the assumption that bringing a decision on induced abortion is preceded by the reconsideration of an earlier adopted strategy regarding children, giving birth and contraception and thus its rational component is revealed more and therefore more easily measurable. The research was carried out in the University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology "Narodni front" in Belgrade from January 21st o March 1st 2002, and included 296 women. By comparing the social and demographic characteristics of the female respondents, as well as important events in their reproductive history with structural traits of the total population of women of same age and parity who induce abortion, the representativeness of samples was confirmed and thus generalization of results.  The results indicate that a target group is clearly distinct which would decide on sterilization as a contraceptive method. Not only do more than half of the surveyed women who induce abortion believe that voluntary sterilization as a method of contraception should be available in Serbia, but also a large number of surveyed women, almost a half, would subject themselves to voluntary sterilization after having given birth to the desired number of children and when they would be convinced that sterilization does not influence health, sex potency, nor quality of sex life. Younger women, respondents with secondary education, those who gave birth to the desired number of children, as well as those who have a good relationship with their partner, and confronted themselves with a large number of induced abortions, namely those who wish to use contraception in future, are more open to voluntary sterilization. The reasons for individual nonacceptance, namely undetermined standpoint towards sterilization as a contraception method, indicate that many of the registered ambivalent or negative opinions could be changed by knowledge spreading on the characteristics of voluntary sterilization. Keywords: voluntary sterilization; Serbia Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 15-33 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.2298/STNV0201015R File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/195 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/195/183 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:195 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirjana Rašević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Author-Name: Boško Mijatović Author-Workplace-Name: Economic Institute, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Bill on Financial Support for Families with Children Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 147-153 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.59954/stnv.306 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/306 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/306/279 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:306 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Gavrilović Author-Workplace-Name: Javno preduzeće "Službeni Glasnik", Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Miloš Macura (editor) "Settlements and Population of the Region of Brankovich 1455." Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 179-189 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.59954/stnv.309 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/309 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/309/282 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:309 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslav Rašević Author-Workplace-Name: Committee for the Study of the Population of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Dušan Breznik Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 7-10 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.59954/stnv.334 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/334 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/334/307 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:334 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Biljana Radivojević Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Decrease of Old Age Population Mortality in Yugoslavia – Chance to Increase Anticipated Life Expectancy Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This study analyzes the level and structure of old age population mortality in Yugoslavia with an aim to determine the intensity of realized changes and to provide an answer to how much they are significant and to approach the positive trends noted in developed countries in the latest period. Although it was insufficiently represented in the demographic analysis, the analysis of mortality in old people is gaining importance in the world. Apart from the reasons which result from the increase in the number of old people and thus their greater participation in the total number of deceased, enviable results have been achieved in decreasing old age mortality, which are more and more in focus of interest. While earlier research reported on the dominant influence of the decrease of younger age mortality to the increase of the expectation of life at birth, recent analysis precisely confirm the importance of decreasing mortality in old people. In mortality conditions from 1997/98, an additional 13.4 years of life in average is expected for men in Yugoslavia, and 15.2 for women. During more than five decades, the anticipated life expectancy for people over the age of 65 increased for only 1.2 years for men and 1.9 years for women. Out of that, the greatest increase was realized in the period 1950/51 – 1960/61 in both sexes. A small decrease in the average life expectancy was marked with men in the period 1960/61 – 1970/71, and with women in the latest period. Otherwise, all up to the eighties, the annual rate of increase was considerably lower than the rate of increase for zero year. It was only in the period 1980/81-1990/91 that faster growth had an anticipated life expectancy for the 65 years old. However, during the nineties unfavorable changes continued with the older, especially, female population. When comparing the values of the average life expectancy for people over 65 in Yugoslavia with corresponding values in developed countries, the lagging in average amounted to about 3 years for the male and about 5 years for the female population. In Japan in 1998 it amounted to 17.1 years, namely 22.0 years respectively.  However, it is interesting that all up to the seventies these indexes were almost at the same level in our country and Japan, and only after this period the differences appeared as a consequence of putting an end to the positive tendencies in differential mortality by age, even in the increase rate with the older population in Yugoslavia. On the other hand, the anticipated life expectancy for the age of 65 (for both sexes) was increased by 40%, in Japan from 1970 to 1998, in contrast to an increase of 9% for 0 age. In the same period in Yugoslavia, although there was a considerably lower increase percentage, it was still more significant with newborns (above 6% for both sexes), than with population older than 65 (under 5%). Hence, such an inclination and intensity of changes resulted, in relation to Japan, in a relatively greater lagging with people aged 65 than with 0 age. The anticipated life expectancy for people aged 85 and over, in the whole observed period, increased only by 8% with the male population and 10% with the female population of Yugoslavia. Its present level is the result of small changes in the mortality rates of the oldest population. In average, people aged 85 + will live another 4.2, namely 4.4 years respectively under the assumed mortality from 1997/98. At the same time the Japanese men are expected to live another 5.4, and Japanese women another 7.2 years. Therefore, middle aged and old population in Yugoslavia has had unfavorable mortality tendencies in relation to the young population, more distinct beginning from the seventies, and especially with men. The nineties were again unfavorable for the old population, this time especially for the female population, where a slight decrease of this rate was marked. Having in mind the changes and achieved level of anticipated life expectancy in developed countries, it can be said that the deviations in relation to the rates in our country are significant, relatively greater with the older population. For this reason, mortality reduction of the old age population is a chance for an increase in the life span, although all possibilities in our country, for the decrease of mortality with the young as well, especially newborns, have not been exploited. In that sense, it seems that the greatest importance would be control of cardiovascular illnesses and risk factors regarding individual behavior. Keywords: demographic ageing; old age mortality; anticipated life expectancy; cardiovascular system illnesses Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 35-52 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.2298/STNV0201035R File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/196 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/196/184 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:196 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ljiljana Sekulić Author-Workplace-Name: Federal Bureau of Statistics, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Appliance of Cluster Analysis in the Study of Demographic Age Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 154-170 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.59954/stnv.307 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/307 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/307/280 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:307 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miloš Banićević Author-Workplace-Name: Republic Center for Family Planning, Institute for Health Care of Mother and Child "Dr. Vukan Čupić", Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Edition "Family Planning" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 190-192 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.59954/stnv.310 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/310 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/310/283 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:310 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Svetlana Radovanović Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Miroljub Rančić Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 11-13 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.59954/stnv.335 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/335 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/335/308 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:335 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Biljana Stanković Author-Workplace-Name: Ministry for Social Policy of the Government of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: New Morbidity of the Young Publication-Status: Published Abstract: In the present phase of epidemiological transition, the most frequent causes of youth morbidity are disorders in reproductive health, mental disorders and injuries which are not life threatening. This, so-called new youth morbidity, is most often caused by their risky behavior, which in the field of sexuality often leads to unplanned pregnancies and abortions, as well as sexually transmitted infections. Misuse of tobacco, alcohol and narcotics, which is most commonly started in adolescence, has an unfavorable short-term and long-term influence on the psycho-physical health of the young. All research, in the world and in our country, indicate gradual yet constant growth of sexual activity of the youth and the age decrease of its starting point, especially when girls are in question. Due to insufficient maturity and inadequate knowledge and consciousness on the necessity of protecting reproductive health, sexual behavior of young people can often be characterized as insufficiently responsible and not supplemented with the usage of adequate protective measures. The result is frequently abortion, which terminates 90% of unplanned and unwanted pregnancies in this age. This creates health and psychosocial risks, as well as giving birth in adolescence which is contrary to the modern health concepts that giving birth should not be performed too early, while the young are still developing. A significant increase in the frequency of sexually transmitted diseases is also present, to which the youth are especially susceptible due to the specific development period in which they are in. A serious medical and sociopathological problem of contemporary society represents the greater and greater misuse of psychoactive substances among the young people, with a tendency of decreasing the average age they are consumed for the first time, as well as the use of drugs and alcohol. With the increase of the anti-smoking campaign and restrictive measures in highly developed countries smoking among young people is decreasing, while it is increasing in Eastern Europe and developing countries. As the health disorders of young people mentioned above, are conditioned, above all, by their risky behavior and insufficient relation towards health, the degree to which they are widespread can be influenced by prevention. Educational and health institutes represent the carriers of preventive activity, which understands health education and aid to young people in overcoming life’s skills, along with the necessity to direct support to the family as well, which maintains a significant place in the life of young people and has a important influence on their behavior to risk exposure. A significant influence is also legal and provision regulations, the role of mass media, as well as the activities of political, nongovernmental, religious and other organizations which determine the environment in which young people live. Keywords: adolescents; risky behavior; prevention Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 53-76 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.2298/STNV0201053S File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/197 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/197/185 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jelena Predojević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Sixth Yugoslav Gerontology Kongress "Ageing and Old Age - for Safer and Active Life" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 171-177 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.59954/stnv.308 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/308 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/308/281 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:308 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jelena Predojević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Martine Corijn and Erik Klijzing (editors) "Transition to Adulthood in Europe" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 193-198 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.59954/stnv.311 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/311 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/311/284 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Snježana Mrdjen Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Philosophy - Department of Geography, University of Zadar, Zadar (Croatia) Title: Ethnicity in Censuses. Changeable and Inconstant Category Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The issue of ethnicity was set in all censuses of SFRY, as well as in the first censuses in countries that were created after its disintegration. When analyzing the censuses it can be concluded that it is a changeable category. Not only was the manner of forming the question in censuses changing, but also the number of categories of nationality and their order in published census' results. It depended on state policy and the political situation preceding the censuses. Since the answer on the issues of ethnicity is a subjective criterion, and it was written down according to the freely declared statement of the residents, guaranteed by the Constitution. It has often happened that same individuals have declared themselves differently from one census to another, and also some categories of ethnicity have vanished and some others were created. Although in SFRY nations and ethnicities were equal, still indirectly in published results, existence of these two categories was indicated. But, in newly created countries, the manner of forming the question of ethnicity was changed, their number and order were also changed and the notion of "minority" was again introduced, indicating, beyond doubt, a different status of nationality (except the majority) from the one in the former Yugoslavia. Keywords: census; census form; ethnicity; Yugoslavia; former yugoslav republics Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 77-103 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.2298/STNV0201077M File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/198 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/198/556 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Branislav Djurdjev Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences - Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Novi Sad (Serbia) Title: Collection of Matica Srpska for Social Sciences, No. 110-111 Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 198-200 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.59954/stnv.312 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/312 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/312/285 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:312 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goran Penev Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Author-Name: Radoslav Stevanović Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Population Decrease or Increase? First Results of the Census 2002 in Central Serbia and Vojvodina Publication-Status: Published Abstract: This article analyses the first results of the latest census of population taken in 2002. For the first time, the census was not taken on the whole territory of the FR of Yugoslavia. The Census 2002 was taken after a year long delay, and for the first time, it wasn't conducted in the entire country. It was postponed in Montenegro for another year. So far, a census conducting was not planned in Kosovo and Metohija. According to the first results of the Census 2002, 5454950 persons lived in Central Serbia, and 2024487 in Vojvodina. At the same time, a total of 328795 inhabitants of Central Serbia and 67148 inhabitants of Vojvodina were at 'temporary' work/stay abroad. Compared to the previous census (1991), the population (in the country) of Central Serbia was decreased by 127,7 thousand or ‑2,3%, while the population of Vojvodina increased by 58,1 thousand or 3,0%. The number of persons 'temporary' abroad, compared to 1991, was significantly increased in Central Serbia (102,5 thousand or 45,3%) and Vojvodina (19,6 thousand or 41,3%). The total population (in country and abroad) of Central Serbia  was 5783745, and in Vojvodina 2091635. In the intercensual period, the population of Central Serbia decreased by 25,2 thousand, and it increased by 77,7 thousand in Vojvodina. These dynamics are contrary to the dynamics in the previous intercensual period (1981‑1991), when the number of inhabitants of Central Serbia was increased (114,4 thousand, 91,6 out of which was in the country) and of Vojvodina was decreased (by 20,9 thousand, 2,8 out of which was in the country). The second part of the article analyses the population dynamics of municipalities and settlements. In the intercensual period of 1991‑2002, three quarters of municipalities (120 out of 161) and four fifths of settlements (3835 out 4705), there was a negative population growth rate. As a rule, these are municipalities and settlements with a relatively large share of refugees and IDPs.  Keywords: census of population; concept of total population; population dynamics; Serbia Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 105-127 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.2298/STNV0201105P File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/199 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/199/186 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:199 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jelena Predojević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Traditional Marriage and Family Relations of the Albanian Population from Kosovo and Metohia in the Light of Leka Dukajini Code Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The Leka Dukajini Code (LDC) influenced the way of life of Albanian population to a great extent. It represents a set of rules and norms by which they regulated their relations, and it is believed that they still do so presently as well to some extent. Taking into consideration that LDC includes almost all social, economic and moral spheres of life, this paper analyzes the fields which contribute to the familiarization with the conditions in which the Kosovo and Metohia population developed, such as the organization of the patriarchal family, marriage relations, the position of women, inheritance, and similar. The patriarchy with Albanians is still present today, especially in the villages, and here and there in towns, despite the escalated process of urbanization and industrialization. Manifestations of this patriarchal way of life are reflected through the maintenance of the institutions of family clans, whose characteristics are a large number of families, mutual property and production means, mutual production and consumption as well as communal living. A large number of authors believes that in the ethno-psyche of every Albanian there are still roots of will and sympathy towards clans. A clan is governed by its head, and his authority, although established on the interests of the group, presents limited individual freedom for the members of the family because it is expected from them to respect the will of the head of the family. Family clans in the eyes of others represents a secure way of life. Common law arose and developed under cruel life conditions, codified the way of life and in that way neglected individuality yet imposed the group, large families, solidarity and submissiveness to authority. The whole LDC is imbued with religious spirit, which is most obviously expressed with the institution of marriage. It also puts the woman in the worst position, who is not respected as a women, who has no right in decision making, and the more she neglected herself in interest of her husband, children and family, the more male children she gave birth to, the more she was respected in the family. Such discriminatory treatment of women is considered an integral part of the “view” on life of Albanian society. In a life which brought little satisfaction to the woman, and much suffering, frustration, rejection and humiliation, the only meaning of life would represent giving birth and raising children. However, the following question is imposed: how much a woman, neglected, without influence outside the family, poorly educated and unprepared for life, is capable for the role of a mother. If she is the first tutor of the children, and in addition uneducated, how can education and progress be expected. It is also stated that the woman is regarded as the bearer, namely guardian of traditional values, although they are turned against herself. Women regard the innovations with great distrust and cautiousness and will accept it only if they are sure that they will not be responsible for endangering the continuity of the traditional way of life and interests of her relatives. Keywords: Leka Dukajini Code; Albanians; marriage; family; woman Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 129-145 Volume: 40 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2002 Month: February DOI: 10.2298/STNV0201129P File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/200 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/200/187 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:40:y:2002:i:1-4:id:200