Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Byron Kotzamanis Author-Workplace-Name: University of Thessaly, Department of Planning and Regional Development, Volos (Greece) Title: Demographic Trends and Population Prospects in Southeastern Europe Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Three basic questions are under consideration in today’s demographic community: a) the European geography of demographic behaviors allows us to consider the geopolitical area of S.E. Europe as uniform and clearly distinguished from the rest of Europe, b) to what extent the observed recent evolutions in the ex "socialist" S.E. European countries are registered in the long term or/and have been affected by the seismic policies and socio-economic changes as well as the consequent difficulties the inhabitants of these countries meet during the transition period and finally c) the demographic perspectives of these countries and their direct and indirect implications. In this article we do not aspire to give answers to all of the above questions. Initially, we confined ourselves to a synthetic presentation of post-war demographic evolutions (giving indirectly an answer to the question of the existence or non-existence of a demographic profile of the Balkans). Then we focused our attention to the expected demographic trends and the problems they raise on the one hand, to the labor market of these countries on their course to free market, and on the other hand, to the migration pressures these countries might bring upon the neighboring E.C. countries. Keywords: Balkans; demographic trends; transition; demographic projections Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 7-44 Volume: 39 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2001 Month: March DOI: 10.2298/STNV0104007K File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/201 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/201/188 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:39:y:2001:i:1-4:id:201 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Branislav Djurdjev Author-Workplace-Name: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences - Department of Geography, Tourism and Hotel Management, Novi Sad (Serbia) Author-Name: Mirjana Rašević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: European Population Conference 2001 "European Population: Variations on Mutual Topics" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 183-185 Volume: 39 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2001 Month: March DOI: 10.59954/stnv.313 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/313 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/313/286 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:39:y:2001:i:1-4:id:313 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miloš Banićević Author-Workplace-Name: Republic Center for Family Planning, Institute for Health Care of Mother and Child "Dr. Vukan Čupić", Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Mirjana Rašević: "Family Planning as a Life Style" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 191-192 Volume: 39 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2001 Month: March DOI: 10.59954/stnv.317 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/317 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/317/290 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:39:y:2001:i:1-4:id:317 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Redakcija Stanovništva Title: Settlements in Central Serbia and Vojvodina with Positive Natural Growth in 2000 Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 201-208 Volume: 39 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2001 Month: March DOI: 10.59954/stnv.336 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/336 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/336/309 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:39:y:2001:i:1-4:id:336 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goran Penev Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: The Replacement of Generations in Serbia in the Period 1950-2000 Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The article deals with the replacement of generations in Serbia, its dynamics in the second half of the 20th century, and the importance of direct determinants. It points to the major regional differences in the domain of the population reproduction among the large areas of Serbia (Central Serbia, Vojvodina, and Kosovo-Metohija). Two approaches of demographic analysis were applied: period and cohort analysis. Basic indicators, definitions, and shortcomings were presented. The results of the period analysis indicate that up until 1988 (with the exceptions of 1957 and 1981), the fertility in Serbia constantly reached a level of fertility necessary to ensure the replacement. Since 1989, the net reproduction rate has constantly been below unity. In Central Serbia and Vojvodina, the population has not been reproducing itself for more than 45 years (since 1956). The situation has been completely different in Kosovo-Metohija, where fertility has been above the level necessary to ensure reproduction during the entire second half of 20th century. The cohort analysis applied to six chosen generations (birth cohort of 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, and 1975) indicates that in Serbia, only women born in 1960 ensured the replacement. In Central Serbia and Vojvodina, none of the studied generations succeeded in ensuring the replacement, while in Kosovo-Metohija all generations did. Keywords: replacement of generations; period analysis; cohort analysis; completed cohort fertility; generation life table Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 45-71 Volume: 39 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2001 Month: March DOI: 10.2298/STNV0104045P File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/202 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/202/189 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:39:y:2001:i:1-4:id:202 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jelena Predojević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Eurofor – Yearly Conference 2000 "Migration – Refugee Protection – Commutity Completion - Ethnic Conflicts – Minority Politics" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 185-190 Volume: 39 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2001 Month: March DOI: 10.59954/stnv.316 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/316 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/316/289 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:39:y:2001:i:1-4:id:316 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Biljana Stanković Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre: "Young People in Changing Societes" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 192-195 Volume: 39 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2001 Month: March DOI: 10.59954/stnv.318 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/318 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/318/291 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:39:y:2001:i:1-4:id:318 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirjana Rašević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Reproductive Health of the Population of Montenegro. Survey Research Results Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The representative survey results - made in 2001 and includes 1000 women aged 20 and 39 years - confirmed that the diffusion of conservative birth control in which the use of coitus interruptus dominates and the consequential resort of induce abortion in cases of pregnancies which are unwanted or cannot be accepted is the main reproductive health problem of the Montenegro population. The traditional birth control methods are very much incorporated in the system of values, considered anatural part of sexual intercourse, and therefore seen to be a rational choice. These facts open a number of questions, among which the most important one is why women are not relying on modern contraceptive methods and means? Research findings discover a complex array of factors, including a belief that modern contraceptive methods are harmful to health and a number of psychological barriers, also those arising from relationships with partners. On the other hand, the initial hypothesis that sexually transmitted diseases are one of the problems of the reproductive health of the population of Montenegro was not confirmed. However, it seems that the obtained data on this subject are not realistic having in mind not only the delicacy of the questions but also the specificity of the general conditions including all accompanying changes of the economic system transition, openness for challenges of the modern way of life and great movements of the population. In contrast to the dilemma, though, regarding the widely distributed sexually transmitted diseases, the research results indicated that infertility, primary and secondary, is not widespread and that it certainly is not considered as one of the problems of the reproductive health of the population of Montenegro. Keywords: reproductive health; Montenegro Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 73-90 Volume: 39 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2001 Month: March DOI: 10.2298/STNV0104073R File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/203 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/203/190 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:39:y:2001:i:1-4:id:203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ljubica Jarić Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Christian Joppke: "Immigration and the Nation-State. The United States, Germany and Great Britain" Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No abstract. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 195-199 Volume: 39 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2001 Month: March DOI: 10.59954/stnv.319 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/319 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/319/292 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:39:y:2001:i:1-4:id:319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Katarina Sedlecki Author-Workplace-Name: Republic Center for Family Planning, Institute for Health Care of Mother and Child "Dr. Vukan Čupić", Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Behavior and Attitudes of Adolescents Relevant to Their Reproductive Health Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Increase in adolescent sexual activity is a phenomenon noticed in modern societies, as well as in Serbia. The sexual activity reveals new health related problems, in relation to the unpremeditated pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases. Reproductive health is vulnerable especially in case of persons having first sexual experiences being adolescent, what could be explained by the physical immaturity and psychosocial infirmity to be responsible in sexual behaviour. The study of 300 sexualy active adolescent women aged 19, attending The Youth Advisory Center of The Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia was conducted between 1995 – 1997. The aim of this study was to evaluate how much the reproductive health in this population was endangered, by analyzing their sexual behavior, their attitudes in the spheres of sexuality and reproduction, as well as some variables of social microenvironments that might be relevant to adolescent sexual behavior. Questionnaire included investigation of youth opinion about some acceptable social measures in this field. According to the results of this study the adolescents reproductive health is seriously endangered. Interwieved adolescent females most frequently used traditional birth control methods, like coitus interruptus (54,3%), and often didn't think about the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted disesase (with new sexual partner the regular condom use was reported only in case of 55,6% girls). Adolescent girls had also poor health behaviors so that 31,0% of interviewed adolescent females visited gynecologist for the first time not earlier than one to three years after their first sexual experience. That resulted in large number of unplanned pregnancies (16,0% of interwieved girs had one or more induced abortions) and, possibly, a high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections. The model of sexual behavior, that was accepted by adolescent females was partly due to the lack of adolescents knowledge about sexuallity, contraception and sexually transmitted disesases. Improper were the main sources of relevant knowledge (peers, parents, mass media), therefore, youth had many misconceptions in this sphere (about the harmfulness of modern contraception, reliability of coitus interruptus method, lack of risk for sexually transmitted diseases transmission). The social adolescent sexual and reproductive health programme doesn't exist in Serbia. Parents of adolescent females were passive, and school and health care workers are not engaged in these matters enough. The possibility for social intervention programme exists, because young people were willing to improve their knowledge about sexuality and reproduction (83,3%) mostly by sex education in schools (51,0%) and through mass media (33,3%). The most appreciated sources of relevant knowledge would be physicians (67,0%), from whom they expect to have time and patience for them and their problems (91,3%). Keywords: adolescent females; sexual behaviour; reproductive knowledge; sex education; reproductive health Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 91-117 Volume: 39 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2001 Month: March DOI: 10.2298/STNV0104091S File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/204 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/204/191 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:39:y:2001:i:1-4:id:204 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hajrija Mujović-Zornić Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Legal Research, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Reproductive Rights: Legal Aspects of the Right to Sterilisation Publication-Status: Published Abstract: In this paper the author discusses the nature and importance of the right to reproduce, in particular the right to sterilisation. In the time past sterilization has been practiced only as a measure of penal policy or the prevention of mental health diseases. Today, mostly we can speak about the right to sterilization (especially reversible sterilization). The patient have a free choice to decide any method of contraception and that could be a voluntary sterilization (also called human, contraceptive, non-therapeutical in French law, and obliging in German law). Various legal questions about this right can be raised, in accordance of state of reproductive rights (how they are regulated by the law) and the protection of reproductive rights (especially the right of pregnant woman as a patient). Yugoslav law not yet has a complete regulation and adequate solutions in this area, except the abortion law. The primary gynecology care has contraceptive counseling, but concrete measures and education are insufficient. It cannot begin to give consistent answers to all of these questions without a coherent conception of the right to reproduce, which is the primary duty of legal experts. Keywords: reproductive rights; sterilization; legal position of the physician; legal position of the patient; liability for damage Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 119-130 Volume: 39 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2001 Month: March DOI: 10.2298/STNV0104119M File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/205 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/205/192 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:39:y:2001:i:1-4:id:205 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jelena Predojević Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Fertility Transition in Works of Albanian Authors from Kosovo and Metohia Publication-Status: Published Abstract: A high level of fertility indicates that the reproductive model with elements of traditional type, characterized by a long period of birth-giving during the reproductive period, as well as a considerable participation of higher confinement order, is still present in Kosovo and Metohia. A large number of Albanian authors from Kosovo and Metohia believe such a state, which is directly caused by the undeveloped condition of the Province in the social, economic, medical, cultural and other senses, is due to historical conditions in which the population developed, especially of Albanian nationality, namely the way of life in which the old-fashioned spirit prevails and the traditional system of values. A very significant place within the psychological factors of fertility is taken by tradition, whose influence is manifested through the determination of the age of the married couple when getting married, the stability of the marriage, negative attitude on celibacy, moreover the relation of tradition and birth giving towards the sex of the child, as well as the tie between tradition and religion. The position of women in the family and society takes a significant place, because the inferior position of the women contributes to the fact that she becomes the "guardian of tradition", namely that she provides the continuity of the old fashioned way of life even though its values are turned against the actual women. It may be said the there is a consensus among the Albanian authors from Kosovo and Metohia that the slow transition of fertility is due the most to the unfavorable socio-economic position of the population. The Province of all parts of SFR Yugoslavia went the last into the process of urbanization and industrialization, while as stated, the scope and tempo of those processes was insufficient for them to significantly influence the demographic complex change and social state in general. It is also stated that if an intensive economic development of Kosovo and Metohia was carried out, the level of natality would be decreased in a considerably shorter time than what other parts of the country succeeded. Family planning is a field which provoked the most polemics among Albanian authors from Kosovo and Metohia. The themes which stood out according to importance may be divided in three groups: what is understood by family planning, what are the reasons for adopting and carring out the family planning program, and what are the possible ways of carrying our these programs. Two groups of researchers may also be singled out. The first which believes that reproductive conscience is determined by society modernization factors, namely that family planning is solved only in conjuction with economic and social development of the Province, and the other group of authors which believes that socio-economic development is a necessary condition, however, society should direct actions in order to develop certain social activities and provide conditions for carrying out the rights of man to free parenthood and family planning programs. Keywords: fertility; Kosovo and Metohia; tradition; fertility factors; family planning Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 131-156 Volume: 39 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2001 Month: March DOI: 10.2298/STNV0104131P File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/206 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/206/193 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:39:y:2001:i:1-4:id:206 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ljubica Jarić Author-Workplace-Name: Demographic Research Centre, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: Contemporary Skill Migration in Australia Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Immigration has always been a key of the Australian social and economic development. Australia administers separate Migration and Humanitarian Programs. The Migration Program has two streams: Family and Skill. The smaller Special Eligibility stream includes groups such as former Australian citizens and former residents who have maintained ties with Australia. The Skill stream of Australia's Migration Program is specifically designed to target migrants who have skills or outstanding abilities that will contribute to the Australian economy. The migration to Australia of people with qualifications and relevant work experience can help to address skill shortages in Australia and enhance the size, skill level and productivity of the Australian labour force. Skilled migrants were mainly employed in managerial, administrative, professional or paraprofessional occupations or as traders. Permanent movement represents the major element of net overseas migration. Australia has experienced not only permanent influx of skilled but long-term movement as an affect of globalisation of business, the creation of international labour and education markets and cheaper travel. The level of long-term movements is strongly influenced by both domestic and international conditions of development, particularly economic conditions. More Australians are going overseas to work and study and foreigners are coming to Australia in larger numbers for the same reasons. Skill migration in FRY is mostly correlated with the economic situation in the country. Skill stream from FRY to Australia has been significantly increased since 1990. In the Australian official statistics separate data for the FRY has been available since July 1998. Prior to July 1998. FRY component was substantial proportion of total Former Yugoslav Republics. Estimated Serbian skill stream is around 4500 people. Keywords: skill migration; reverse transfer of technology; immigration policy; Australia; labour force Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 157-182 Volume: 39 Issue: 1-4 Year: 2001 Month: March DOI: 10.2298/STNV0104157J File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/207 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/207/194 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:39:y:2001:i:1-4:id:207