Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Editorial board Title: Notes about the authors Publication-Status: Published Abstract: No. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 179-180 Volume: 35 Issue: 3-4 Year: 1997 Month: December File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/591 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/591/543 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:35:y:1997:i:3-4:id:591 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslav Macura Title: Fertility and nuptiality changes in Central and Eastern Europe: 1982-1993 Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Central and east European countries are in the midst of a major demographic change, that for the most part appears to have been brought about by the on-going political, economic and social transformation of these countries. The strength of the change varies considerably across the counties, quite likely as a consequence of the variations in the depth and breadth of the transformation and the attitude of the people towards it. It appears that, at least, a few years will elapse before the demographers studying these countries will be able to draw a relatively comprehensive picture of the demographic developments in these countries since the turn of the 1980s. This paper seeks to contribute to this picture by documenting changes over time in fertility and first marriage in more than half of the transition countries, which appear to have been associated with the transformation under way. The analysis focuses on the time patterns in the levels and timing of overall fertility and first marriage among women during 1982-1993. It does not seek to explain how the various aspects of the transformation might have influenced those patterns; this would require a separate analysis. Having included in the analysis several years prior to the onset of the transformation, we seek to answer the following questions: What were the nature, timing and magnitude of the changes in overall fertility and first marriage, which are respectively measured by the period total fertility rate and the period total first marriage rate? Were the changes in first marriage accompanied by those in non-marital cohabitation? Although interesting in its own right, this question is addressed as a side issue due to data limitations, by looking at the proportions of extramarital births. And lastly, were the shifts in overall fertility and first marriage accompanied by those in their timing, as measured by the mean age of childbearing and the mean age at entry into first marriage, respectively? The analysis is cast within a broader European context by making comparisons between the countries with economies in transition and selected European countries with market economies. Keywords: fertility; nuptiality; Central and Eastern Europe Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 11-43 Volume: 35 Issue: 3-4 Year: 1997 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.566 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/566 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/566/519 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:35:y:1997:i:3-4:id:566 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miloš Macura Title: Stjepan Han Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Nema. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 7-9 Volume: 35 Issue: 3-4 Year: 1997 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.571 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/571 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/571/524 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:35:y:1997:i:3-4:id:571 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirjana Rašević Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Demographic Research, Institute of Social Sciences, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: XXIII World Population Conference Publication-Status: Published Abstract: None. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 149-155 Volume: 35 Issue: 3-4 Year: 1997 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.572 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/572 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/572/526 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:35:y:1997:i:3-4:id:572 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nada Raduški Title: Mirjana Rašević (editor): Development of the population of Serbia 1950-1991 Publication-Status: Published Abstract: None. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 167-174 Volume: 35 Issue: 3-4 Year: 1997 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.575 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/575 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/575/528 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:35:y:1997:i:3-4:id:575 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miroslav Rašević Title: An Estimate of the Basic Parameters of the Population in the Brankovića Region for 1455 Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The estimates reported in this paper are part of a broader research on demographic environment and population undertaken within the project "Settlements and Population in the Brankovića Region in 1455" organized by the Board for Scientific Study of the Population of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts. The estimates of demographic parameters were based on the results of the fiscal census taken in 1455 by Turkish authorities following invasion of the Brankovića region which, in terms of geography, is part of the today's Kosovo. This census was kind of a feudal census in which obligations of the population towards local feudal authorities were registered both in terms of money and in kind. Pursuant to the regulations spelled out by Turkish authorities, the farmers, and other villagers as well as the inhabitants of mixed settlements were enumerated. However, neither the cattle breeders nor urban population or those in the military and feudal service, were registered. The census was taken in 645 villages of which 42 were deserted, 1 mixed settlement, 15 churches and monasteries, two of which were deserted, and in 31 mezras. The record listed the names of males and female widowed tax payers acting as heads of "houses" or parts of "houses" in case of multiple generation families, as well as the names of monks and bachelors (who, by Turkish rules, were also liable to tax payment). The name of a male "house" head (but not that of any other tax payers category), was followed by additional data, primarily regarding family origin (father's name) or kinship to the registered tax payer, and much more rarely regarding occupation, nationality, migration and social status. These estimates were either directly based on Turkish sources or not based on the census results at all. In case of the former, the total number of inhabitants as well as the composition of male "house" heads by occupation, nationality, migration and social status were estimated. In the latter case, the age-gender structure, as well as the population natality and mortality were assessed. To estimate total population, an index for the average size of a "house" was calculated based on the census definition and bearing in mind long periods of distress during the time of war. This index was estimated to 4.40 for the "house" headed by a male. The index for the average size of the "house" with a widowed female as head was estimated to 2.50. This estimate is based on the assumption that these widows were most often relatively young and that they had kept their status only until their eldest sons married. The index for bachelors and monks was 1. Based on such indices and the census data on the number of tax payers, total population of the Region was estimated to 67480 (Table 2). The age-specific estimates of the population size were made within large groups. Two hypotheses were presented. In the first, the share of children below 14 years of age is estimated at 42% based on the family composition assuming an index on the average size of the "house", and in the second, the share of population aged 65 and over is estimated at 3% based on the usual proportion of the old in populations with high natality and mortality. The estimate of the composition of population by gender was based on the hypothesis on the number of males per 100 females. In the 0-14 age group, this index was estimated at 100 and at 90 in the 15-64 age group while in the age group of 65 and over, this index was estimated at 70. This hypothesis is based on the impact of the state of distress in the course of the 60 years observed. The age-specific estimate of the population is shown in Table 3. Natality was estimated on the basis of the following hypothesis: the share of women aged 15-49 in total was 49%, the share of fertile women of reproductive age 64%, the share of fertile women not participating in procreation during the year observed 15-25% while the probability that women active in the process of procreation would conceive was 0.36%. These hypotheses were based on the general demographic knowledge and the awareness of the conditions prevailing in the Region at that time. The results are presented in three versions (cable 4). The rates 43.7 and 46.6 were assessed as more realistic than the 49.5 per thousand. Lacking original data, the estimate on the general mortality relies on the available data concerning populations in the Middle Ages, particularly as regards the mean length of life. Four versions were constructed (Table 5), and the general mortality rate in the Region is estimated to had varied from 37.0 to 43.5 per thousand. The higher value estimates are assessed as more probable. The social and economic structures were assessed on the basis of partial census data. It is characteristic that the answers to questions on structural features were registered only if such features stood out from the typical situation of the majority population. Besides, the answers contained reference to only one structural feature. Based on the results it may be concluded that the economic structure was dominated by farmers; that migrations usually took place within the Region; that the social feature referred to was most often the poor and the old; in terms of nationality, that the Serbs were dominant while the number of registered Albanians, Bulgarians, Greeks and Croats was insignificant. The estimates show that the demographic situation in the Region in 1455 was similar to that of other populations of that time. This is confirmed by a high level of natural components, young age composition and the homogeneity of economic and social population structures. On the other hand, the estimates clearly reveal disruptions in demographic development of the Region as illustrated by excess female population and a large number of deserted or dwarf settlements. Thus, it can reasonably be assumed that the size of the population declined in periods of distress to which the Region was exposed. Keywords: history; census; population; estimates Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 45-92 Volume: 35 Issue: 3-4 Year: 1997 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.567 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/567 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/567/520 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:35:y:1997:i:3-4:id:567 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mina Petrović Author-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade (Serbia) Title: IV annual international conference JUNIR: Ethnic, religious and confessional relations in the Balkan countries Publication-Status: Published Abstract: None. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 155-160 Volume: 35 Issue: 3-4 Year: 1997 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.573 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/573 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/573/525 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:35:y:1997:i:3-4:id:573 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ankica Kuburović Title: Marina Blagojević: Parenthood and fertility - Serbia in the 90s Publication-Status: Published Abstract: None. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 174-178 Volume: 35 Issue: 3-4 Year: 1997 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.576 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/576 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/576/529 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:35:y:1997:i:3-4:id:576 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mirjana Rašević Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Demographic Research Title: Factors Affecting Natural Fertility Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Formally speaking, natural potential to bear children is substantial. Since normal pregnancy lasts nine months, a potentially fertile woman could theoretically give birth to at least one child per year which is 35 children during her reproductive period limited from approximately 15 to 50 years of age. However, in populations which, as a rule, do not exercise control of the natural potential, the average number of live births per a woman is by far lower. Most often it is about 6 to 7 children per woman. The paper represents a review of the origins of the difference between the theoretical, formally formulated framework for child bearing, and the actual child bearing in conditions in which it is not controlled. Against such background is set the Lorimer's (1954) analysis of the average procreative capacity of the non-contraceptive population enjoying "relatively favourable living conditions" in which an emphasis is placed on biological factors. In addition, in view of the fact that the estimate of the average procreative capacity depends to a large measure on the reliability of the adopted assumptions regarding effective probability of fertile women to conceive in the course of one calendar year, a number of models is presented regarding probability of conception. Besides, a note is taken of Bongaarts (1993) research regarding relative contribution of various factors to the level of natural fertility which has pointed to the significance of an individual's behaviour factors. Discussion of the natural basis for child bearing has fully emphasized the complexity and significance of the issue. The latest research has thrown additional light on the earlier conceptions and assumptions. This particularly refers to the significance of an individual's behaviour as determinant of the natural fertility of population. Proofs of the significance of individual behaviour as determinants of natural fertility do not assume family planning as an individual's life style but place an emphasis on the role of social norms, moral codex, legal arrangements and social awareness which affect and control decisions of men and women regarding family planning and child bearing in populations in which fertility is not checked on purpose. At the same time, these proofs represent a direct response to the question regarding major differences in genetic potential for child bearing between different populations.  The conclusion that the biological factors have a limited impact on the natural fertility indicates that even if these differences do exist, they are not large enough to affect the level of child bearing in populations which do not practice fertility control. Consequently, their impact in populations which widely practice population control is even less significant. Keywords: natural fertility of population; probability of conception; average procreative capacity Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 93-107 Volume: 35 Issue: 3-4 Year: 1997 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.568 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/568 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/568/523 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:35:y:1997:i:3-4:id:568 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nada Raduški Title: Summer school on ethnic relations Publication-Status: Published Abstract: None. Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 160-166 Volume: 35 Issue: 3-4 Year: 1997 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.574 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/574 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/574/527 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:35:y:1997:i:3-4:id:574 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Goran Penev Title: Demographic Determinants of Population Aging in FR Yugoslavia. A model Approach Publication-Status: Published Abstract: The paper presents basic directions and intensity of change in age structure of the population in FR Yugoslavia broken down by its republics and provinces during the period after the World War II. A special emphasis is placed on demographic determinants of population aging, particularly from 1961 to 1991. A method of demographic projections was used to assess the impact of changes in fertility, mortality and external migration on transformation in the age structure. The analysis is based on the results of simulations on four population models constructed on the basis of the initial age structure in 1961 and various combinations of assumptions on movement in fertility and mortality in the course of 30 years to come. The impact of changes in components of demographic growth on the process of aging were obtained by comparing age structures of model populations in 1991. The author argues that the decline in fertility directly induced aging from the base of the age pyramid and, indirectly, from top of the pyramid. Changes in mortality had a twofold impact on the demographic aging: the process was decelerated by the decline in mortality of the young and, at the same time, accelerated by the increase in life expectancy of the old. On the overall, the decline in mortality in the FR of Yugoslavia in 1961-1991, caused deceleration in the population aging but its impact on the change in age composition was of a much lesser importance than that of the crucially opposite impact caused by changes in fertility. The impact of external migration, i.e., the negative migratory balance at the level of the FR of Yugoslavia was the least significant for the process of demographic aging. Although the impact of migration was very weak, they also induced an increase in the population aging. Keywords: aging; simulation; population models; fertility; mortality; migration; Yugoslavia Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 109-129 Volume: 35 Issue: 3-4 Year: 1997 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.569 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/569 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/569/522 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:35:y:1997:i:3-4:id:569 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ankica Kuburović Title: Population Reproduction in the Works of Svetozar Marković Publication-Status: Published Abstract: Svetozar Marković explains in his works that population reproduction should be analyzed as an important social issue. A starting point in his "theory of human multiplication", a criticism of Malthusian theoretical conceptions, is the relationship between demographic, economic and technological development. In line with the socialist and Marxist concepts, Marković analyzes the components and population growth dynamics as well as the deterministic base of the reproduction model. Demographic growth of a population should be economically rational but there should also be created conditions to humanize population reproduction. A basic precondition for the creation of more humane conditions for population reproduction lies in the process of emancipation of women and an improvement of its social status in the economic, political and cultural sense. Within the complex deterministic framework affecting the level of births, the impact of demographic, economic, social, socio-psychological and socio-cultural factors is intertwined. In solving the problem of "exceedingly high" population birth rate, a key role is played by the education process and emancipation of women. These are the socio-cultural factors that should induce a decline in the birth rate. Keywords: population reproduction; Svetozar Marković; humanization of reproduction; emancipation of women Journal: Stanovnistvo Pages: 131-148 Volume: 35 Issue: 3-4 Year: 1997 Month: December DOI: 10.59954/stnv.570 File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/view/570 File-Function: Abstract page File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://stnv.idn.org.rs/STNV/article/download/570/521 File-Function: Full text File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eto:stanov:v:35:y:1997:i:3-4:id:570